2. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Fantasy: a literary work that contains highly unrealistic elements Often contrasted and associated with science fiction, in which the unrealistic elements are given a scientific or pseudo- science explanation

4. Elements of Fairy Tales 1. Take place in an unreal world-although may be contained in a familiar setting 2. Have incredible or unreal characters: talking or magical beasts, monsters, witches, etc.

5. Elements of Fantasy 3. Involve magical or fantastic events 4. Repetition of actions, phrases, and chants 5. Number 3 is especially common

6. Elements of Fairy Tales 6. Reflect some important aspect our world 7. Magic charms, disguises, spells, tricks 8. A lost or abandoned child

7. Elements of Fairy Tales 9. Suitor searching for a bride 10. Royalty and castles 11. Often contain symbolism/metaphorical aspects

8. Elements of Fairy Tales 12. Involve some sort of lesson or universal truth 13. Good and evil clearly identified 14. Problems overcome through bravery, cleverness, or other positive virtues

9. COMMON FAIRY TALE THEMES

10. Common Fantasy Themes/Motifs 1. Abandoned children 2. Deception and Reality 3. Good vs. evil 4. Loss and recovery

11. Common Fantasy Themes/Motifs 5. Parents who fail to protect their children 6. The Persecuted Heroine 7. Redemption and Forgiveness 8. The Quest for Revenge

12. Common Fantasy Themes/Motifs 9. Three wishes for saving/aiding a magical/supernatural being 10. Supernatural beings who “know things” or perform magical tasks

14. TYPES OF FANTASY Heroic Fantasy What most people associate with fantasy ○ Typically a heroic character who embodies society’s ideals and values, may possess certain gifts or strengths

15. TYPES OF FANTASY Heroic Fantasy ○ Usually contains a good and evil conflict ○ Often closely follows the hero’s journey Examples?

16. TYPES OF FANTASY  TYPES OF FANTASY Adventure Fantasy ○ The focus is on adventure, although story contains some fantasy elements Example: Tarzan, Indiana Jones

17. TYPES OF FANTASY  TYPES OF FANTASY Christian Fantasy ○ Often an Allegory that contains a message of religious value Ex. Chronicles of Narnia

18. TYPES OF FANTASY Horror/Dark Fantasy ○ When fantasy crosses the line into horror Evil often triumphs Stephen King “The Dark Tower” series Terry Brooks “Running with the Demon” “Coraline” by Neil Gaiman

19. TYPES OF FANTASY Humorous Fantasy ○ When fantasy involves parody, satire, and slapstick The Princess Bride by William Goldman The Discworld series by Terry Pratchett

20. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Humorous Fantasy  Satire: a literary technique which exposes the follies of its subject (for example, individuals, organizations, or states) to ridicule, often intended to provoke or prevent change.  Parody: a form of satire that imitates another work of art in order to ridicule it Examples:

21. Fantasy And Fairy Tales Legends ○ Unverified popular stories handed down over time about local heroes, events, places May contain some elements of fact Examples: King Arthur, Robin Hood

22. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  TYPES OF FANTASY Fable ○ A brief story with animal characters told to express a moral

23. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Fairy Tales A subgenre of folklore, along with myths and legends Faiere“the realm or state in which fairies have their being”

24. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Fairy Tales Feature stark conflicts between good and evil, with magic and luck determining usually happy endings

25. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Fairy Tales Universal human emotions appear throughout fairy tales ○ Love, hate, courage, kindness, cruelty Elements of themes of fairy tales alive in plays, movies, and books for all ages

26. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Fairy Tales Usually feature 1-dimensional Archetypal characters and settings such as peasants, witches, royalty, small villages, castles and dark forests ○ They don’t always have a moral lesson

27. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Five levels of basic needs His theory contends that as humans meet 'basic needs', they seek to satisfy successively 'higher needs' that occupy a set hierarchy

29. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Physiological needs Biological needs: ○ Oxygen, food, water, warmth, etc. ○ Strongest needs

30. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Safety Needs Need for security ○ a properly-functioning society tends to provide security to its members ○ This level is more likely to be found in children as they have a greater need to feel safe

31. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Needs of Love, Affection, and Belongingness Both giving and receiving love, affection, and a sense of belonging

32. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Esteem Needs two versions of esteem needs – ○ the need for the respect of and recognition by others, ○ the need for self-respect

33. Fantasy And Fairy Tales  Self-Actualization Self-actualization is the instinctual need of a human to make the most of their unique abilities purpose, personal growth and realization of potentials. ○ An artist must paint, a musician must make music, etc. if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself. ○ What a man can be, he must be.