1. CCNA Guide to Cisco Networking
Chapter 6: Router and IOS Basics

2. Objectives Describe the benefits of network segmentation with routers
Understand the elements of the Cisco router user interface
Configure the HyperTerminal program to interface with the Cisco router
Describe the various router configuration modes
Describe the various router passwords

3. Objectives (continued)
Understand the enhanced editing features of the Cisco IOS
Understand the elements of the Cisco switch user interface
Compare router components to typical PC components

4. Benefits Of Routing Packet filtering Traffic control Connect LANs
WAN connections
Segmentation

5. Cisco Router User Interface
Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS)
Command-line interface (CLI)
Command executive or EXEC
Router access
Console port (console)
Rollover cable, RJ-45 to DB-9, RJ-45 to DB-25
Auxiliary port (AUX)
Virtual terminal (VTY)

6. Cisco Router User Interface (continued)

7. Cisco Router User Interface (continued)

8. Connecting Via Terminal Programs
Establish a connection
Physical connection through console
9600 bits per second, data bits 8, stop bits 1, parity “none”, flow control “none”
Logical connection through VTY
Terminal programs
HyperTerminal, Microphone Pro, ProComm Plus, Telix, Tera Term

9. System Configuration Dialog
Router enters system configuration dialog
No previous configuration (factory default)
Start-up file has been erased
Registry setting has is set to 0x2142
Forced by entering the CLI “setup” command
Default options are in brackets
Two types of setup
Basic management setup
Extended setup

10. System Configuration Dialog (continued)

11. User Interface
Return or Enter key to reach the prompt when connecting with a terminal program
Initial prompt consists of two parts
Hostname
Greater than symbol (>)
User EXEC mode or user mode
View basic settings and monitoring
Question mark (?)
Context-sensitive help

12. User Interface (continued)
Privileged EXEC mode or Exec mode
“enable” command at user prompt
May be prompted for a password
Exec mode prompt consists of two parts
Hostname
Pound sign symbol (>)
Exec mode commands that can will affect router operations
Setup
Copy
Erase

13. User Interface (continued)

14. Configuration Modes Global configuration mode Interface mode
Router(config)#
Interface mode
Router(config–if)#
Line configuration mode
Router(config-line)#
Router configuration mode
Router(config-router)#

15. Configuration Modes (continued)

16. Configuration Modes (continued)
“exit” command
Crtl+Z
Incorrect character symbol (^)
Command shortcuts
Example: show running-config or sh ru

17. Configuration Modes (continued)

18. Plethora Of Passwords
Routers have five basic passwords and several advanced passwords
Enable password
Enable secret password
Virtual terminal password
Console password
AUX password
Three of the five passwords can be setup during initial configuration dialog
“service-password encryption” command

19. Plethora Of Passwords (continued)

20. Plethora Of Passwords (continued)

21. Plethora Of Passwords (continued)

22. Plethora Of Passwords (continued)

23. Plethora Of Passwords (continued)

24. Plethora Of Passwords (continued)

25. Enhanced Editing

26. Command History Retrieve previously typed commands
Stores up 10 previously typed commands by default
Up arrow (Ctrl+P)
Down arrow (Ctrl+N)
Tab key to complete commands
“terminal history” command
0 through 256

27. Configuring Router Identification
Configure router host name
Router(config)# hostname
Message of the day login banner
Delimiting character
“banner motd # .... #” command
Interface description
“description” command

28. Configuring Router Identification (continued)

29. Configuring Router Identification (continued)

30. Configuring Router Identification (continued)

31. Configuring The Time And Date
Configure the time in enable mode with the “clock set” command
Universal Time Code
Greenwich, United Kingdom
Configure the time zone in global configuration mode
“show clock” command

32. Configuring The Time And Date (continued)

33. Switch User Interface Two types of operating systems
IOS-based
1900, 2820, and 2900 switches
Set-based
1984G, 2926, 4000, 5000, and 6000 switches
Catalyst 1900 menu
[M] Menus
[K] Command Line
[I] IP Configuration
Modes and passwords
Setting the host name

34. Router Components
ROM
Flash memory
NVRAM
RAM/DRAM
Interfaces

35. Router Components (continued)
ROM
Read-only memory (ROM)
Bootstrap program
ROM monitor firmware
ROM monitor mode
(>) or (rommon 1>)

36. Router Components (continued)
Flash memory
Erasable, programmable, read-only memory (EPROM)
Contains the Cisco IOS
Can store multiple IOS
“show version” command
“show flash” command

37. Router Components (continued)
NVRAM
Nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM)
Special type of RAM
Not cleared when router is rebooted
Startup configuration file
“show start” command

38. Router Components (continued)
Random access memory (RAM)
Volatile
Information is not retain during router reboot
Running configuration
“show running-config” command
“show memory” command
“show buffers” command

39. Router Components (continued)
Interfaces
Token Ring
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Channel Interface Processor (CIP) for System Network Architecture (SNA)
High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)

40. Summary
Cisco routers use the Cisco IOS to provide an interface for network operators and administrators
The first mode entered is user EXEC (router> prompt) and the next mode is privileged EXEC (router# prompt)
In user EXEC, you can accomplish basic tasks such as checking the router status, checking connectivity, and viewing some configuration information
To actually configure the router, privileged EXEC mode must be accessed, as this mode leads to the two most common modes for router configuration: global configuration mode and interface configuration mode
The privileged EXEC mode is often called enable mode because it is entered using the enable command

41. Summary (continued)
The enable, enable secret, and VTY passwords are set during initial configuration if the system configuration dialog is used, but they can also be added and changed in global configuration mode (router(config)# prompt)
When configured, the enable secret password supersedes the enable password
This is because the enable secret is an encrypted password that is not viewable in the configuration file, which means that it has less chance of being compromised
For this reason, it should be different from the enable password

42. Summary (continued)
The Cisco 1900 switch allows configuration from a command line just like a Cisco router
Host names and passwords, as well as other parameters, are configured on the Cisco 1900 switch in much the same way as they are configured on a router
The components of a router include ROM, flash memory, NVRAM, RAM/DRAM, and interfaces
ROM stores a limited version of the Cisco IOS and routines for checking the hardware during system boot
It is responsible for initializing the router

43. Summary (continued)
Flash memory stores the Cisco IOS that is loaded by default during system boot
NVRAM stores the startup copy of the router configuration file that is loaded by default during system boot
RAM/DRAM stores the working copy (running configuration) of the router configuration
This configuration is loaded into RAM from NVRAM by default during bootup
It is erased if the router is rebooted, unless it is saved to the startup configuration