1. Plants

2. Answer the worksheet Is it a plant?
Check off all of the organisms that you
believe are plants and explain how you
determined whether or not they are
plants

3. Is it a plant worksheet answers
Plants are multicellular
organisms that are generally able to
make their own food through photosynthesis.
Many plant cells contain pigments capable of
absorbing light. Plants have a structure called
a cell wall, which is made mostly of cellulose.
The items on the list biologically considered to
be plants are fern, grass, moss, vine, tomato,
flower, tree, onion, weed, bush, cactus, cabbage,
dandelion, and carrot.

4. What makes a Plant a Plant?
Plant Characteristics
How are Plants Classified

5. Plant Characteristics
They make their own food
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll
Chlorophyll absorbs energy from the sun
Plants use the energy to make food - glucose (sugar)
Process is called Photosynthesis

6. Chloroplasts:

7. Plant Characteristics
Plants Have a Cuticle

8. What is a Cuticle?
A waxy layer that coats the surface of stems, leaves, and other plant parts exposed to the air.
Keeps plants from drying out.

9. Plant Characteristics
Plant Cells have Cell Walls

10. What is a Cell Wall a plant cell is surrounded by a rigid cell wall
outside of the cell membrane
helps support and protect the plant

11. Plant Characteristics
Plants reproduce with spores and sex cells
there are two stages in a plants life:
sporophyte
gametophyte

12. What is a Sporophyte? A plant in the spore producing stage of life.
Spores can grow directly into an adult plant

13. What is a Gametophyte?
The stage in a plant’s life where it produces male and female sex cells.

14. More on Gametophytes
Male and female sex cells must join in order to grow into a new plant. This is called Fertilization.

15. Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed? Answer the worksheet
Fruit/Vegetable
Part of Plant
Broccoli
Cabbage
Carrot
Celery Stalk
Corn Kernel
Garlic
Onion
Potato
Tomato
Zucchini

16. Is It a Stem, Leaf, Root, Flower, Fruit or Seed? Answers
Fruit/Vegetable
Part of Plant
Broccoli
Flower
Cabbage
Leaves
Carrot
Root
Celery Stalk
Stem
Corn Kernel
Seeds
Garlic
Onion
Potato
Fruit
Tomato
Zucchini

17. Plant Body Shoot system = leaves + stem Root system
Meristem = cells that divide for life of plant, can give rise to all plant structures

18. Three Types of Plant Tissues
Vascular Tissue
Transport
Support
Ground Tissue
Synthesis of Sugars
Storage
Dermal Tissue
Protection

19. Division of Meristem Cells Causes Plant Growth
Apical Meristem
tips of root and shoot
increase in height
Lateral Meristem
cylinders within plant body
increase in width

20. Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation
Plant Body
Leaf = blade + petiole
Functions
Exposes surface to sunlight Major site of photosynthesis Conserves water Provides for gas exchange
Blade
Petiole
Stoma = opening in the leaf for gas exchange, water evaporation

21. Phloem transports sugar
Plant Body
Stem: series of nodes and internodes
Functions
Holds leaves up to light
Transports substances through vascular tissue
Phloem transports sugar
Xylem conducts water
and minerals

22. Plant Body
Root Functions Anchors plant in soil Takes up water and minerals from soil

23. Leaf Parts
Stoma (stomata) – small pores that act as a doorway for gases involved in photosynthesis (found mainly on the underside of leaves).
Guard Cells – cells that regulate the opening of the stomata.
Lower and upper epidermis – outer layer of a plant that serves for protection, like skin.

24. Stoma Open vs. Closed
Open – with light and when guard cells are filled with water.
Closed – without light and when guard cells are lacking water (dehydrated).
Why is it important to have stomata open?
Closed vs. Open

25. Why is it important to have stomata open
Why is it important to have stomata open? GAS EXCHANGE for photosynthesis!
When stomata are open gas exchange important for photosynthesis can occur.
O2 can diffuse out and CO2 can diffuse in.
Water can evaporate as well (transpiration)

26. Transports water and sugar to stem and roots
Conserves water
Photosynthesis
Transports water and sugar to stem and roots
Structures of the Leaf

27. Applying Your Knowledge
Apical Meristem
Vascular Tissue
Stem
Leaf
Lateral Meristem
Where is the primary site of photosynthesis in a plant?
Which one is responsible for an increase in plant height?
Which one transports materials throughout the plant?

28. Flowering Plant Reproduction
Pollen grains
Ovule
Flower
Meiosis
Mitosis
Flowers are modified leaves, specialized for reproduction.
Flower parts undergo meiosis to produce haploid products
pollen grain
ovule (contains egg cell)

29. A Complete Flower Has Both Male and Female Parts
Produces pollen
Stamen
Anther
Attracts pollinator
Filament
Pistil
Stigma
Petal
Style
Sepal
Ovary
Encloses and Protects Bud
Female part
Produces egg

30. Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower
Mature Pollen Grain
Sperm Cells
Tube Cell Nucleus
1. pollen grains land on stigma
2. pollen tubes grow down stigma to ovary
3B: Fusion of 2nd sperm + two polar nuclei
Stigma
3. double fertilization
Style
Sperm
3A: Fusion of sperm + egg
Pollination and Fertilization in a Flower
Ovule
Polar nuclei
Ovary
Egg

31. Development of Fruit and Seeds From Flower Parts
Provides nutrition
Endosperm
Triploid
Endosperm
Cell
Fresh Fruit
Ovary
Seed Coat
Integument
Diploid Zygote
Embryo (new plant)
Seed = embryo + stored food + seed coat
Fruit = ovary wall, mechanism for seed dispersal

32. Seeds
A seed is an embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply.
An embryo is an organism in its early stage of development.
The seed coat surrounds and protects the embryo and keeps contents of the seed from drying out.

33. Conifers – Cone Bearers

34. Cones
A cone is an organ on plants in the division Pinophyta (conifers) that contains the reproductive structures. The familiar woody cone is the female cone, which produces seeds. The male cones, which produce pollen. Female cone contains ovules

35. Applying Your Knowledge
Seed
Fruit
Pistil
Anther
Pollen
Which one develops from the ovary wall?
Which one produces pollen?
Which one develops from a fertilized ovule?
What is the name of the female part of the flower?

36. Transpiration Evaporation of water through stomata
Plants lose 90% of the water they transport from the roots by transpiration. What happens to the other 10%?
When water enters the guard cells,
pressure causes them to bow, opening the stoma
When water leaves the guard cells, pressure is lost and the cells come together, closing the stoma

37. Photosynthesis & Respiration

38. What is Photosynthesis?
The process of photosynthesis is a chemical reaction.
It is the most important
chemical reaction on our planet.

39. What is the Equation for the Chemical Reaction of Photosynthesis?

40. What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?

41. What is the equation for the chemical reaction of photosynthesis?
Six molecules of carbon dioxide react with six molecules of water to form 1 molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen.

42. Describe Photosynthesis

43. Describe Photosynthesis
The process of changing light energy to chemical energy
Energy stored as sugar
Occurs in plants and some algae
Plants need light energy, CO2, and H2O
Takes place in the chloroplasts, using chlorophyll, the green pigment in plants

44. What happens during photosynthesis?

45. What happens during photosynthesis?
Plants capture light energy and use that energy to make glucose
Sunlight provides the energy needed by chlorophyll to change molecules of carbon dioxide and water into glucose
Oxygen is also released in this reaction

46. What happens during photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through holes called stomata
CO2 combines with the stored energy in the chloroplasts through a chemical reaction to make glucose
The sugar is moved through tubes in the leaf to the roots, stems and fruits of the plants
Some of the sugar is used right away by the plant for energy; some is stored as starch; and some is built into plant tissue

47. Why is this important to us?

48. Why is this important to us?
We cannot make our own food (glucose, energy), we must get our food from plants.
Plants are the first step in the food chain.

49. Why is this important to us?
The oxygen released during photosynthesis is necessary for all living things.

50. What is Cellular Respiration?

51. What is Cellular Respiration?
The release of chemical energy for use by cells.

52. What is Cellular Respiration?
Once the energy that was in sunlight is changed into chemical energy by photosynthesis, an organism has to transform the chemical energy into a a form that can be used by the organism.
This process is cellular respiration.

53. Describe Cellular Respiration

54. Describe Cellular Respiration
The breakdown of glucose molecules to release energy
Takes place in all living things
Is a step by step process

55. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

56. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

57. copyright cmassengale
What do you see in common with the reaction for photosynthesis and Cellular respiration? What is different?
copyright cmassengale