1. ROOTS 26.2

2. Function
Anchor
Absorb – H2O and minerals are “pulled” up through transpiration (H20 evaporates from leaves and pulls water from roots in the process)

3. GENERAL TYPES
Fibrous
Tap

4. ADAPTATIONS
Adventitious
Aerial
prop
Air
Storage

5. REGIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Region of Cell Division – “Apical Meristem”
Region of cell division
Root Cap

6. REGIONS OF DEVELOPMENT…
Region of Elongation – gives length to root
Region of Elongation
Region of Cell Division

7. REGIONS OF DEVELOPMENT…
Region of Maturation
Region of Cell Maturation – differentiate into specialized tissues – “Primary Root Stucture)
Region of Elongation
Region of Cell Division

8. Primary Root Structure
1st tissue to develop from Region of Maturation
Epidermis- outermost, absorbs, protects, root hairs derived from here
Cortex – storage, controls flow of water

9. Primary Root Structure…
Epidermis
Pericycle
Vascular Cylinder
Pericycle – 2ndary growth from here
Xylem – carries water
Phloem – carries sugar
Xylem
Phloem
Cortex

10. Secondary Growth
Root hairs
Lateral roots

11. Types of Root Growth Primary – growth in length
Secondary – growth in diameter

12. Arrangement of Vascular tissue
Flowering plants are divided into two groups based on structural differences
Monocots
Dicots

13. Monocot Root Tissue Arrangement

14. Dicot Root Arrangement

15. STEMS 23.3

16. FUNCTION Support Conduct water and food Storage photosynthesis

17. STRUCTURE Epidermis Cambium – mitotic; makes new xylem and phloem
Pith, Cortex – storage
Bark – dead cells,protects from water loss
Vascular tissue – xylem and phloem

18. Epidermis
Cortex
Xylem
Cambium
Phloem
Pith

19. Arrangement of Vascular Tissue
Monocot – Vascular tissue is scattered bundles
Dicots – Vascular tissue is arranged in a ring patterm

20. dicot
monocot

21. Stem Growth
Meristem - located on tips (growth in height - primary) and on sides (growth of branches - secondary)
Cambium – growth in diameter – secondary; forms tree rings.

22. Types of Stems Woody Dead xylem cells form wood; adds strength
Grow in width each year
Vascular tissue arranged in rings
Bark protects
Perennial – grow more than one season

23. Type of Stem… Herbaceous Soft, fleshy Usually green; no bark
Not much secondary growth (width)
Vascular tissue is scattered.
Annuals – only grow one season

24. Stem Adaptations
Stolons/rhizomes – runners; cause vegetative propagation
Tubers – underground stems; storage; potato
Bulbs/corms – underground stems with fleshy leaves; onions, tulips, garlic

25. LEAVES 23.4

26. Function Photosynthesis
Transpiration – pulling water up from the roots and out the leaves

27. Structure Epidermis Upper – covered by cuticle
Lower – contains stoma with guard cells

28. Palisade layer – many chloroplasts Mesophyll – many air spaces
Cont.
Palisade layer – many chloroplasts
Mesophyll – many air spaces
Vascular bundle – “veins”

29. Epidermis with cuticle
VEIN
Epidermis with cuticle
PalisadeLayer
Mesophyll
Stomata

32. External Structures Petiole – structure that attached leaf to stem
Blade – thin, flat area of leaf; different sizes, shapes & arrangement
Mid rib – main vein
Leaf margin – edge of leaf

33. Venation in Monocots and Dicots
Monocots – parallel leaf venation
Dicots – netted venation

35. Pop Quiz

36. Adaptations in leaves

37. Flowers, Fruits & Seeds Ch. 24

38. Angiosperms
reproduce using flowers.

39. Flowering Plants have:
Monocot
Dicot 3 3 4 2 4 2 5 1 5 1 6 6 8 7
Multiples of 3
Multiples of 4 or 5
Flowers 6

40. Flowers Composed of modified leaves
Sepals – usually green; enclose bud
Petals – brightly colored; just inside sepals
Stamen – male reproductive organ
Filament - stalk
Anther – produces pollen (male gamete)
Carpel (pistil) – female reproductive organ
Stigma- sticky; pollen attaches here
Style – narrow stalk
Ovary – contains ovules

41. Anther
filament

42. Parts of a Typical Flower
Stamen
Anther
Filament
Male part
of flower
Parts of a Typical Flower

43. (Sounds like “Pigtail”)
Stigma
Pistil
Style
Female part
of flower
(Sounds like “Pigtail”)
Ovary
Parts of a Typical Flower

44. Plant Reproduction Stems Roots Plantlets
Plants can reproduce asexually by
vegetative propagation.
Stems
Roots
Plantlets
Stems, plantlets and roots
can become a new plant.

45. Plants can reproduce asexually by
Plant Reproduction
Plants can reproduce asexually by
plant propagation.
Cuttings
Grafting & Budding
A “cut” from a plant can
grow roots when put in soil.
Two plants are attached
to form one plant.

46. Angiosperm Life Cycle
Pollination – transfer of pollen from anther to stigma of carpel
Often dependent on pollinators
Pollen grows a tube through which sperm nuclei travel
Fertilization –
sperm nuclei fuse with ovule inside
produce a seed
Ovary ripens into a fruit

47. Fruits – ripened ovary ; type determined by structure of ovary and ovules
Dry
Nuts
Fleshy
Drupes - apple
Pomes - peach
Berries
Hesperidium - orange
Pepo - cucumber
Aggregate - raspberry

49. Seed Dispersal
Animal
Wind
Water

50. Seed Germination
Timing controlled by climate (moisture, temperature, etc.)
Endosperm (food source) swells with moisture and cracks open seed coat
Root emerges first
Cotyledons emerge second
Monocot – one seed leaf
Dicot – two seed leaves

51. Plant Growth Controlled by hormones (auxins) Cause “tropisms”
Gravitropism
Thigmotropism
phototropism