2. Status Offenders Historical Methods of Dealing with Non-Delinquents Historical Methods of Dealing with Non-Delinquents Core Requirements of JJDPA Core Requirements of JJDPA Amendments to JJDPA Amendments to JJDPA JJS and SOs JJS and SOs Juvenile Court Process for SOs Juvenile Court Process for SOs Rights of SOs in Adjudication Proceedings Rights of SOs in Adjudication Proceedings Dispositions of SOs Dispositions of SOs Problems Bootstrapping Problems Bootstrapping Hidden Delinquency

3. Status Offenders SO case processing in the JJS Initial Contact Intake Adjudication Disposition SO case processing in the JJS Initial Contact Intake Adjudication Disposition Truancy Day Crime Causes Costs Truancy Day Crime Causes Costs Runaways Runaways Curfew Violations Curfew Violations

4. Peers and Delinquency: Gangs Peer relations and delinquency Peer relations and delinquency Gangs, defined Gangs, defined Media’s Distortion of Gangs Media’s Distortion of Gangs History of gangs History of gangs What Factors Explain Changes in Gang Activity? Economic Conditions Family Crisis What Factors Explain Changes in Gang Activity? Economic Conditions Family Crisis Types of Gangs Types of Gangs Location and Gangs Shifting Gang Locales Migration Neighborhood Reactions Location and Gangs Shifting Gang Locales Migration Neighborhood Reactions

5. Peers and Delinquency: Gangs Demographics of Gangs Age and Gangs Gender and Gangs Leadership and Gangs Communication and Gangs Demographics of Gangs Age and Gangs Gender and Gangs Leadership and Gangs Communication and Gangs Gangs and Drugs Gangs and Drugs Drugs and Violence Gangs and Violence Drugs and Violence Gangs and Violence Interplay of all Three Interplay of all Three Law Enforcement Efforts to Control Gangs Law Enforcement Efforts to Control Gangs

6. Schools and Delinquency Education in Crisis Education in Crisis Academic Performance and Delinquency School Failure and Delinquency Causes of School Failure Drop out Rates Academic Performance and Delinquency School Failure and Delinquency Causes of School Failure Drop out Rates School Crime Bullying and Intimidation School Shootings Reducing School Crime School Crime Bullying and Intimidation School Shootings Reducing School Crime