1. 1 PHYSICAL IMPAIRMENTS Maruthy Mentireddi Raghu Kalyan Anna

2. MOTIVATION IDEALISTIC: NO TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS BEING CONSIDERED IN ROUTING DECISIONS. REALISTIC: TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS ARE CONSIDERED IN ROUTING DECISIONS. IN ANY GIVEN SCENARIO TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN ROUTING.

3. AGENDA TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS IMPAIRMENTS BEING CONSIDERED METRICS AND NETWORK COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION HYBRID SIMULATION TECHNIQUE EVALUATION IMPAIRMENT AWARE RWA CONSTRAINT MODELS ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BIBLIOGRAPHY

4. TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS LINEAR: –AMPLIFIER NOISE –PMD –CROSSTALK NON LINEAR –FOUR WAVE MIXING –SELF PHASE MODULATION –CROSS PHASE MODULATION –SCATTERING

5. IMPAIRMENTS BEING CONSIDERED OPTICAL SIGNAL - CROSSTALK AT CROSSCONNECT SWITCHES(XCS) - AMPLIFIED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION (ASE) NOISE AT INTERMEDIATE AMPLIFIERS Eg., EDFA’S CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONNECTION PROVISIONING OPTICAL SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (OSNR) POLARIZATION MODE DISPERSION (PMD)

6. INTRODUCTORY TERMS LIGHTPATH – AN ALL OPTICAL WDM CHANNEL BETWEEN ANY TWO NODES CONNECTION PROVISIONING – SETTING UP A LIGHTPATH FOR A CONNECTION REQUEST BY USING A ROUTING AND WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT (RWA) TECHNIQUE ROUTE – A PATH CONSISTING OF ONE OR MORE FIBER LINKS, FROM THE SOURCE TO THE DESTINATION.

7. TRAFFIC/ NETWORK PERFORMANCE: CALL BLOCKING PROBABILITY SIGNAL QUALITY: BIT ERROR RATE METRICS

8. BLOCKING PROBABILITY NUMBER OF BLOCKED CALLS P b = ----------------------------------------------- TOTAL NUMBER OF OFFERED CALLS

9. BIT ERROR RATE (BER) ACCUMULATION OF ASE NOISE AND CROSSTALK 1 SNR DEGRADATION INCREASE IN BER 2 1 AT EVERY NODE 2 AT DESTINATION

10. NETWORK COMPONENTS WRN – WAVELENGTH ROUTING NODE NETWORK COMPONENTS ALONG A LIGHTPATH IN A WAVELENGTH-ROUTED OPTICAL NETWORK RECEIVER ARRAY FIBER LINK CROSS CONNECT OPTICAL TAP TRANSMITTER ARRAY OPTICAL AMPLIFIER

11. NETWORK COMPONENTS (CONTD) COMPONENTS AND THEIR LOSS/GAIN PARAMETERS IN A WRN FIBER LOSS OPTICAL TAP LOSS INPUT AMPLIFIER GAIN OUTPUT AMPLIFIER GAIN DEMUX LOSS MUX LOSS SWITCH LOSS

12. NETWORK COMPONENTS (CONTD) ARCHITECTURE OF A N x N NONBLOCKING SPACE SWITCH USED IN OUR MODEL

13. SIMULATION MODEL HYBRID SIMULATION TECHNIQUE

14. TRAFFIC VARIATION CROSSTALK, GAIN, ASE NOISE AFFECTS BER ESTIMATE ONLINE BER ESTIMATE

15. CALL ADMISSION: - MINIMUM BER - BER THRESHOLD (SAY 10 -12 ) CALL ADMISSION

16. ONLINE BER EVALUATION

17. BER MODEL LIGHTWAVE RECEIVED E R (t) = Acos(2ΠV i t + Φ(t)) + E xt (t) + E ase (t) PHOTOCURRENT GENERATED i p (t) = R ƛ (E R 2 (t)) + i sh (t) + i th (t) BER MINIMIZATION σ 0 I s1 I TH = ------------------ σ 0 + σ 1

18. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES CALLS AT THE INSTANT OF SIMULATION SNAPSHOT IN A BIDIRECTIONAL RING NETWORK

19. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) PROGRESS OF TAGGED CALL IN A BIRECTIONAL RING NETWORK

20. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) A MESH NETWORK

21. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) MESH NETWORK - BLOCKING PROBABILITY Vs LOAD FIRST FIT BER RANDOM BER INCREASED CROSSTALK INADEQUATE SATURATION GAIN IDEAL CASE FIRST FIT IDEAL RANDOM IDEAL

22. IMPLICATIONS REALISTIC BER: MORE ACCURATE MEASURE OF PERFORMANCE THAN IDEAL CASE FIRST FIT BETTER THAN RANDOM FIT (IDEAL) RANDOM FIT BETTER THAN FIRST FIT (REALISTIC)

23. IMPAIRMENT AWARE RWA WHY IRWA? AUTOMATICALLY PROVISION A SIGNAL-QUALITY- GUARANTEED LIGHTPATH FOR A CONNECTION REQUEST

24. IRWA (CONTD) LIGHTPATH ASSIGNMENT BASED ON IRWA:  LIGHTPATH COMPUTATION  LIGHTPATH VERIFICATION NETWORK-RESOURCE BLOCKING : NO AVAILABLE ROUTE OR WAVELENGTH PHYSICAL LAYER BLOCKING SIGNAL-QUALITY REQUIREMENTS

25. IRWA – INTEGRATED MODEL

26. NETWORK LAYER MODULE IMPAIRMENT AWARE BEST PATH ALGORITHM(IABP) IMPAIRMENT AWARE FIRST FIT ALGORITHM(IAFF) - WILL RANDOM-ROUTING PERFORM BETTER ?

27. IABP – INTEGRATED MODEL INPUTS - NETWORK STATE - CONNECTION REQUEST OUTPUTS NETWORK LAYER - PATH, WAVELENGTH PHYSICAL LAYER – LIGHTPATH SIGNAL QUALITY ALGORITHM - PATH COMPUTATION - PATH OPTIMIZATION / WAVELENGTH ASSIGNMENT - SIGNAL QUALITY ESTIMATION - PATH SETUP - NETWORK STATE UPDATE

28. PHYSICAL LAYER MODULE OSNR AND PMD CONSTRAINTS PMD CONSTRAINT MODEL – TRANSMISSION LENGTH LIMITATION OSNR CONSTRAINT MODEL – Q FACTOR AS INTERMEDIATE

29. LIGHTPATH ARCHITECTURE AMPLIFICATION SPAN STANDARD SINGLE MODE FIBER DISPERSION COMPENSATING FIBER

30. OSNR ESTIMATION

31. PROPOSED IRWA’s CHARCTERISTICS CONNECTION ADMISSION METRICS: FREE RESOURCES AND SIGNAL QUALITY AUTO-PROVISIONING IMPAIRMENT AWARENESS - PMD TOLERATION - PRE-ESTIMATED OSNR ALGORITHM COMPARISION SCHEMES - NETWORK MODEL: IDEAL AND REALISTIC IDEAL: TRADITIONAL RWA (TBP OR TFF) – A REALISTIC: TRADITIONAL RWA (TBP OR TFF) – B, IRWA (IRWA OR IAFF) – C

32. BEST-PATH ALGORITHMS ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES TBP - REAL IABP - REAL TBP - IDEAL

33. FIRST-FIT ALGORITHMS ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) TFF - REAL IAFF - REAL TFF - IDEAL

34. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) BEST-PATH ALGORITHMS EMPLOYING EDFA TBP - REAL IABP - REAL TBP - IDEAL

35. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) FIRST-FIT ALGORITHMS EMPLOYING EDFA TFF - REAL IAFF - REAL TFF - IDEAL

36. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) EFFECT ON DATA RATE AVERAGE NUMBER OF TRIALS FOR SIGNAL-QUALITY ESTIMATION PER CALL IABP IAFF

37. ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES (CONTD) EFFECT ON DATA RATE EFFECT OF CHANNEL BIT RATE ON ALGORITHMS IN A REALISTIC NETWORK

38. IMPLICATIONS BIT RATE INCREASE MAKES IMPAIRMENTS DOMINANT HIGH DATA RATE -> HIGH OSNR IS REQUIRED HIGH DATA RATE-> PMD LIMITING FACTOR

39. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FIGURES AND EQUATIONS HAVE BEEN ADOPTED FROM: 1. Impact of transmission impairments on the teletraffic performance of wavelength-routed optical networks, B. Ramamurthy, D. Datta, H. Feng, J. P. Heritage, and B. Mukherjee 2. Connection provisioning with transmission impairment consideration in optical WDM networks with high-speed channels, Yurong Huang Heritage, J.P. Mukherjee, B.,

40. BIBLIOGRAPHY Issues for routing in the optical layer, J. Strand, A. L. Chiu, and R. Tkach Optical components for WDM lightwave networks, Borella, M.S. Jue, J.P. Banerjee, D. Ramamurthy, B. Mukherjee, B. Impact of transmission impairments on the teletraffic performance of wavelength-routed optical networks, B. Ramamurthy, D. Datta, H. Feng, J. P. Heritage, and B. Mukherjee Connection provisioning with transmission impairment consideration in optical WDM networks with high-speed channels, Yurong Huang Heritage, J.P. Mukherjee, B.,

41. QUERIES ?