1. LAW 101 Cumulative impacts Presentation developed by: Sarah M. Reiter, Center for Ocean Solutions, February 2015 Mach, Reiter & Good. 2015. Managing a mess of cumulative effects: linking science and policy to create solutions. Current: The Journal of Marine Education 29(1): 26-31

2. Why look beneath the surface? Jane Hawkey, Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/).

3. Searching for the disconnect Legal mandates Effective actions Bridging the gap Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale

4. Searching for the disconnect: Impacts Legal mandates Effective actions Bridging the gap Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale

5. Impacts: The Law (Prahler et al., Stanford Environmental Law Journal 2014(Prahler et al., Stanford Environmental Law Journal 2014)

6. Impacts: The Interpretation Similar Past, Present, Future Projects All Past, Present, Future Projects Past, Present, Future Project Impacts Impacts Analysis Legal intent Legally defensible

7. Impacts: The Action Agency coordination Legal intent Mapping/Tracking

8. Searching for the disconnect: Baseline Legal mandates Effective actions Bridging the gap Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale

9. Baseline: The Law HistoricExistingFuture

10. Baseline: The Interpretation HistoricExistingFuture

11. Baseline: The Action HistoricExistingFuture

12. Searching for the disconnect: Scale Legal mandates Effective actions Bridging the gap Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 1: Accounting for impacts Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 2: Advocating for smart baseline Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale Challenge 3: Choosing the right spatial scale

13. Scale: The Law Jane Thomas, Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/). LocalRegiona l Global

14. Scale: The Interpretation Jane Thomas, Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/). LocalRegiona l Global

15. Scale: The Action Prahler et al (2014)

16. Looking beyond U.S. waters Looking beyond projects to address challenges Accounting for impacts Advocating for smart baselines Choosing the right spatial scale Looking beyond U.S. waters to Determine whether challenges cut across jurisdictions Determine whether we can learn lessons Moving from knowledge to action Waypoints

17. Acknowledging climate change drivers Jane Thomas, Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/).

18. Implementing thresholds Hunsicker et al (in press)

19. Moving from knowledge to action Looking beyond projects to address challenges Accounting for impacts Advocating for smart baselines Choosing the right spatial scale Looking beyond U.S. waters to Acknowledge climate change drivers Implement thresholds Moving from knowledge to action Waypoints

20. Waypoints for Cumulative Effects Impact s Consider all projects and all impacts Baselin e Account for historic data and trends Scale Use multi- scale approach

21. For further resources Prahler, E., S.M. Reiter, M. Bennett, A. Erickson, M.L. Melius, M. Caldwell. 2014. It all adds up: enhancing ocean health by improving cumulative impacts analyses in environmental review documents. Stanford Environmental Law Journal 33(3):351-417. LinkLink www.centerforoceansolutions.com/MARINE/teachingresources/ Integration and Application Network, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (ian.umces.edu/imagelibrary/) Funding Images Presentation developed by: Sarah M. Reiter, Early Career Fellow, Center for Ocean Solutions,