1. Testing Web applications

2. Selenium

3. What is Selenium? Selenium is a suite of tools to automate web application testing across many platforms Tests run directly in the browser Selenium is implemented entirely with browser technology JavaScript DHTML Frames

4. Traditional approach for testing Release Development Feature developed Acceptance Testing Bug found! Regression Testing Regression found!

5. Faster feedback Write test as you go Run them as often as you can Problems are found quickly Release Regression Testing Acceptance Testing Development

6. Why automated tests? Manual testing is slow, tedious and error-prone Especially for regression! Either take long time or less thorough What now? Start again? Regression Testing 3 months

7. With automated tests Consistently thorough Fast enough to start again and again and again… Regression Testing 10 minutes

8. Selenium components Selenium IDE an integrated development environment for Selenium tests Selenium WebDriver a Java library write Java code, WebDriver sends commands to a browser Selenium-Grid allows to run tests on different machines against different browsers in parallel

9. Selenium usages Browser compatibility testing Test your application to see if it works correctly on different browsers and operating systems. The same script can run on any Selenium platform. System functional testing Create regression tests to verify application functionality and user acceptance.

10. How to start Download and install Selenium IDE It is implemented as a Firefox extension, and allows you to record, edit, and debug tests http://seleniumhq.org/download/ To launch Selenium IDE in Firefox select  Tools  Selenium IDE

11. Selenium IDE Firefox extension Easy record and playback Not just a recorder Intelligent field selection will use IDs, names, or XPath as needed

12. Selenium IDE Auto-complete for all common Selenium commands Walk through tests Debug and set breakpoints Save tests as HTML, Ruby scripts, or any other format

13. Selenium test format Selenium saves all information in an HTML table format Each record consists of: Command – tells Selenium what to do using actions or assertions (e.g. “open”, “type”, “click”, “assertText”) Target – tells Selenium which HTML element a command refers to (e.g. textbox, header, table) Value – used for any command that might need a value of some kind (e.g. “Hello”)

14. Example: Selenium test

15. Test writing strategy 1.Start recording in Selenium IDE 2.Execute scenario on a running web application 3.Stop recording in Selenium IDE 4.Add assertions

16. Adding tests to Web app (deprecated) To include Selenium tests into your Web application need to do the following: 1.Download Selenium Core from http://release.seleniumhq.org/selenium-core/1.0/ 2.Unzip in under “webapp” directory: \your_app\src\main\webapp\selenium-core 3.Place your tests into e.g. \your_app\src\main\webapp\tests

17. Creating tests and test suite Create several tests in Selenium IDE Save them as e.g. \webapp\tests\discussions-suite\MyTest1.html \webapp\tests\discussions-suite\MyTest2.html Create HTML file for test suite, e.g. \webapp\tests\discussions-suite\MyTestSuite.html Music Test Suite My Test 1 My Test 2

18. Entering point: /tests/index.html Prepare initial page with a link to your test suite Selenium tests Music Portal Selenium Tests <a href="../selenium-core/core/TestRunner.html?test=../../tests/discussions-suite/MyTestSuite.html"> Run tests

19. Selenium TestRunner view (deprecated) Browser will display Selenium TestRunner

20. Selenium Concepts Element Locators Specify HTML elements Patterns Used for pattern matching values Action Manipulate the state of the application Upon failure, testing stops Accessors Store results in variables Automatically generates assertions Assertion Verifies that the application generated the appropriate value

21. Element Locators id=id Select the element with the specified @id attribute. name=name Select the first element with the specified @name attribute. identifier=id Select the element with the specified @id attribute If no match is found, select the first element whose @name id. dom=javascriptExpression Find an element using JavaScript traversal of the HTML DOM. DOM locators must begin with " document. " dom=document.forms['myForm'].myDropdown dom=document.images[56]

22. Element Locators xpath=xpathExpression Locate an element using an XPath expression. XPath locators must begin with "//". xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text'] xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2] link=textPattern Select the link (anchor) element which contains text matching the specified pattern. link=The link text

23. Locator Defaults Without a locator prefix, Selenium uses: dom, for locators starting with "document." xpath, for locators starting with "//" identifier, otherwise

24. Actions Represent something a user would do Manipulate the state of the application Actions generally come in 2 forms: action and actionAndWait action performs the action actionAndWait assumes a server call and thus waits longer for a response open automatically waits

25. Command Actions open Opens the target URL click* Clicks on the target element type* Enters the value specified by the value into the specified target element select* Selects a drop-down value specified by the value in the specified target element

26. Command Actions selectWindow Selects a popup window using the id specified by the target. If NULL, it returns to the main window goBack Simulates user clicking back in the browser close Simulates user clicking the close button of a popup window pause Pauses the execution of a script for an amount of time in milliseconds specified in the target

27. Command Actions fireEvent Simulate an event to trigger the onevent handler where the target specifies the element and the value specifies the event waitForValue Waits for an input, specified by the target, to have a certain value, specified by the value (Warning: If event doesn’t occur, apply previous fix to stop running script) store Stores the value specified by the target into the variable specified by the value

28. Command Actions chooseCancelOnNextConfirmation Instructs Selenium to select cancel on the next JavaScript dialog raised answerOnNextPrompt Instructs Selenium to return the specified target in response to the next prompt

29. Assertions Allows user to verify the state of the application Three modes: assert - upon failure, test is aborted verify - upon failure, the test continues running (logging the failure) waitFor Waits timeout time for a condition’s truthiness Great for testing background Ajax behavior

30. Selenium WebDriver Selenium 2.0 has many new exciting features and improvements over Selenium 1 The primary new feature is the integration of the WebDriver API The goal is to develop an object-oriented API that provides additional support for a larger number of browsers along with improved support for modern advanced web-app testing problems http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.html

31. Selenium WebDriver WebDriver makes direct calls to the browser using each browser’s native support for automation Can be used equally well in a unit testing or from a plain old “main” method Java, C#, Python, Ruby, Perl, PHP bindings are provided

32. Selenium WebDriver Maven dependency: Now you can use WebDriver just as any normal library: it is entirely self-contained, and you don’t need to start any additional processes or run any installers before using it org.seleniumhq.selenium selenium-java 2.26.0

33. Selenium WebDriver Example import org.openqa.selenium.*; public class SeleniumExample { public static void main(String[] args) { WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); driver.get("http://www.google.com"); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q")); element.sendKeys("Cheese!"); element.submit(); System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle()); // Google's search is rendered dynamically with JavaScript. // Wait for the page to load, timeout after 10 seconds (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(new ExpectedCondition () { public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) { return d.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("cheese!"); } }); System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle()); driver.quit(); } http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.html

34. Selenium-Grid Selenium-Grid allows to run your tests on different machines against different browsers in parallel http://seleniumhq.org/docs/07_selenium_grid.html

35. Selenium-Grid Reasons to use Selenium-Grid: To run your tests against multiple browsers, multiple versions of browser, and browsers running on different operating systems To reduce the time it takes for the test suite to complete a test pass.

36. Selenium Resources Selenium Home Page http://seleniumhq.org/ Selenium dokumentācija http://seleniumhq.org/docs/ Par Selenium latviski http://www.ante.lv/xwiki/bin/view/TrainingWebProgrammi ng/Selenium http://www.ante.lv/xwiki/bin/view/TrainingWebProgrammi ng/Selenium

37. HttpUnit

38. HttpUnit framework HttpUnit is an open source software testing framework used to perform testing of web sites without the need for a web browser http://httpunit.sourceforge.net/

39. Obtaining a web page response The center of HttpUnit is the WebConversation class, which takes the place of a browser talking to a single site Responsible for maintaining session context, which it does via cookies returned by the server Must create a request and ask the WebConversation for a response

40. Starting the conversation The response may now be manipulated either as pure text, as a DOM, or by using the various other methods WebConversation wc = new WebConversation(); WebRequest req = new GetMethodWebRequest( "http://www.meterware.com/testpage.html"); WebResponse resp = wc.getResponse(req);

41. Examining and following links The simplest and most common form of navigation among web pages is via links HttpUnit allows users to find links by the text within them, and to use those links as new page requests WebConversation wc = new WebConversation(); WebResponse resp = wc.getResponse( "http://www.httpunit.org/doc/cookbook.html"); WebLink link = resp.getLinkWith("response"); link.click(); WebResponse jdoc = wc.getCurrentPage();

42. Using the table structure of a web page The getTables() method will return an array of the top-level tables in the page, in the order in which they appear in the document Given a table, you can ask for one of its cells, and treat the result either as text or a DOM or ask for and tables, links, or forms nested within it

43. Table manipulation example The following code will confirm that the first table in the page has 4 rows and 3 columns, and that there is a single link in the last cell of the first row: WebTable table = resp.getTables()[0]; assertEquals("rows", 4, table.getRowCount()); assertEquals("columns", 3,table.getColumnCount()); assertEquals("links", 1, table.getTableCell(0,2).getLinks().length );

44. Working with forms There are a few basic things that a tester is likely to want to do with a form The most obvious first step is to verify the controls and their default values If they are correct, the tester will generally make some changes and submit the form to see how the system responds

45. Testing a form WebForm form = resp.getForms()[0]; assertEquals("La Cerentolla", form.getParameterValue( "Name" )); assertEquals("Chinese", form.getParameterValue( "Food" )); assertEquals("Manayunk", form.getParameterValue( "Location" )); assertEquals("on", form.getParameterValue( "CreditCard" )); form.setParameter( "Food", "Italian" ); form.removeParameter( "CreditCard" ); form.submit();

46. HttpUnit Resources HttpUnit home page http://httpunit.sourceforge.net/