1. Psychological Disorders

2. Bell Ringer: Why would some people consider homosexuality as a psychological disorder 1) Harmful and/or disturbing to the individual. (ex. Fear of open space) 2) Disturbing to others. (ex. Disturbing to others) 3) It is unusual, not shared by many members of the population. 4) It is irrational; it does not make sense to the average person.

3. Does Jonathan Knight’s condition meet the criteria of a psychological disorder?

4. Categories of Disorders DSM-IV-lists hundreds of disorders. Psychologists use this manual to diagnose different orders

5. Anxiety Disorder Phobia= an intense unwarranted fear of objects or situations. What are some example of Phobias?(agoraphobia Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Panic Disorder-experiences anxiety (tense, jittery, worried) for no specific reason. CONSTANT Panic Disorder= sudden intense acute episodes of anxiety. Increases after every episode. No reason. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder- persistent, unwanted, thoughts, and obsessions cause someone to feel the need to engage in a particular action. ( ex:afraid of germs, I need to keep washing my hands)

6. How would the following Explain the cause of Anxiety Disorders? Psychoanalytic Perspective, behaviorist Perspective, biological Perspective? Freud=memories of repressed start to come out. Biological Our fear is passed down from generation to generation High activity in frontal lobe Frontal Lobe= planning Genetic

7. Mood Disorders

8. How can someone with a social phobia be classically conditioned?

9. Mood disorder- psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes.

10. Application: Ken’s father has just passed away. For the past few days, he has isolated himself from others. He still continues to go to school, but never puts a smile on his face Does he suffer from major depressive disorder? Why? Major Depressive Disorder- occurs when signs of depression (feelings of worthlesness, loss of interest in family, friends and activities, fatigue, change in sleeping patterns) last two weeks or more. Alters and Changes lifestyle May not know cause. “Difference between “the blues” and major depression is like the difference from lack of breath from a run and being chronically short of breath”------  What does this mean?

11. Needs 5 of the symptoms Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g. feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (e.g. appears tearful). Children and adolescents may exhibit irritability Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or most, daily activities most of the day, nearly every day. Significant weight changes (e.g. a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. Insomnia or hypersomnia (sleeping too much) nearly every day Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day.. Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

12. Evaluate the following situation: Jordan has been extremely depressed for the past 3 weeks. However, the last few days has felt the opposite emotional extreme and is very hyperactive and wildly optimistic (manic episode). He has been very talkative, but has a short fuse and has snapped numerous times. What disorder does he have? Explain. Biopolar disorder- a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness of depression to the over excited state of mania.

13. Biological/Genetic Influences Is it passed down from generation to generation? Neurotransmitter norepinephrine (alrertness and arousal) is overabundant during mania and scarce in depression. Absence of Serotonin (hunger, body temp) Smaller/less active frontal lobes

14. Cognitive Triad (Aaron Beck) -cognitive theorist -believes that depression results from unreasonably negative ideas that people have about themselves, their world and future. Attribute failure to the following factors (test) Internal (I am bad at math) or external (the test was hard) Global ( I am bad at all subjects) or Specific (I have trouble with trig) stable (I will always be bad at math) or instable ( I had a bad day) Which factors promote depression?

15. Think of the last time you failed at something and you became very upset. 1)Was the failure internal or external? 2)Was it local or global? 3)Was it stable or instable?

16. How would a behaviorist explain depression? Depression