1. Week 2 Lesson 1 Refraction

2. Objectives: To understand the refraction of light waves describe experiments to investigate the refraction of light know and use the relationship: n = sin i / sin r

3. Choose appropriate words to fill in the gaps below: The law of reflection states that the angle of __________ is always _______ to the angle of incidence. Both angles are measured relative to the _________, a line that is at _______ degrees to the reflecting surface at the point of reflection. A plane mirror forms a _______ image which is unlike a _____ image in that it cannot be cast onto a screen. The image in a plane mirror is also the same ______ and the same way up as the object. realvirtualreflectionsizenormalequalninety WORD SELECTION: real virtual reflection size normal equal ninety

4. Light Refraction

5. Refraction occurs when a wave changes speed as it passes from one medium into another. The change of speed causes the wave to change direction. Light slows down as it passes from air into glass or water.

6. Refraction experiment Typical results: angle of incidence / ° angle of refraction / ° deviation / ° 000 15105 301911 452817 603525 754035 No deviation occurs when the angle of incidence is zero. Increasing the angle of incidence increases the deviation.

7. Refraction of light at a plane surface (a) Less to more optical dense transition (e.g. air to glass) angle of incidence normal AIR GLASS angle of refraction Light bends TOWARDS the normal. The angle of refraction is LESS than the angle of incidence.

8. (b) More to less optical dense transition (e.g. water to air) angle of refraction angle of incidence normal WATER AIR Light bends AWAY FROM the normal. The angle of refraction is GREATER than the angle of incidence.

9. object at the bottom of a pool AIR WATER Why a pool appears shallow image normals observer

10. Complete the paths of the RED light rays: A B C D E F

11. The refraction equation When a light ray passes from one medium to another: n = sin i sin r where: i is the angle of incidence in the first medium r is the angle of refraction in the second medium n is a constant number called the refractive index. r i

12. An experiment to find the refractive index (n) of glass 1.Set up the equipment as shown in the diagram opposite 2.For an initial angle of incidence, i of 30º trace the path of the light ray. 3.Measure the angle refraction, r. 4.Calculate the refractive index using the formula: n = sin (i) / sin (r). 5.Repeat for a range of angles between 10º and 80º. 6.Calculate the average value of n.

13. Question 1 Calculate the refractive index when light passes from air to glass if the angle of incidence is 30° and the angle of refraction 19º. Hint: n = sin i / sin r

14. Question 1 Calculate the refractive index when light passes from air to glass if the angle of incidence is 30° and the angle of refraction 19º. n = sin i / sin r = sin (30º) / sin (19º) = 0.500 / 0.326 refractive index, n = 1.53

15. Question 2 Calculate the angle of refraction when light passes from air to perspex if the angle of incidence is 50° and the refractive index, n = 1.50.

16. Question 2 Calculate the angle of refraction when light passes from air to perspex if the angle of incidence is 50° and the refractive index, n = 1.50. n = sin i / sin r 1.50 = sin (50º) / sin (r ) becomes: sin (r ) = sin (50º) / 1.50 = 0.766 / 1.50 sin (r ) = 0.511 angle of refraction = 30.7º

17. Question 3 Calculate the angle of incidence when light passes from air to water if the angle of refraction is 20° and the refractive index, n = 1.33.

18. Question 3 Calculate the angle of incidence when light passes from air to water if the angle of refraction is 20° and the refractive index, n = 1.33. n = sin i / sin r 1.33 = sin (i) / sin 20º becomes: sin (i) = 1.33 x sin (20º) = 1.33 x 0.342 sin (i) = 0.455 angle of incidence = 27.1º

19. Complete: medium 1medium 2nir airwater1.3350 o 35.2 o glassair0.6730 o 48.6 o waterglass1.1359.8 o 50 o airdiamond2.4050 o 18.6 o airunknown1.5350 o 30 o Answers

20. The End