1. THE BEGINNING OF THE “MODERN” WORLD 1.Questions from homework? A.Be able to locate the 5 continents, 4 major oceans, and the key European and world countries. See unit packet maps. B.Identify the 5 themes of geography and how each can be seen in this unit. 2.Themes of Geography –10min (need to know key world locations – see world map in unit docs) 3.Share your completed graphic organizer about Religions with the other group members 15min 1.Compare content – discuss difference and similarities 2.Complete graphic organizer so that all members understand the religion 3.Questions? And review 4.Complete bottom of religion chart – wrap up 5.Preview of The Renaissance A - Geography has an impact on history and its five themes help us understand historical and current events B - Challenges to the existing order come from radical new ideas C - Religion affects how different cultures interact, cooperate, conduct commerce and conflict with each other. World Religions and Geography – day4 Interactive Map

2. Unit Enduring Understandings 1. Geography themes of location, place, movement, human-environment interaction and region are useful tools for understanding history and current events. 2. A society’s values can be seen through their cultural and scientific achievements 3. Challenges to the social and political order frequently come from radical new ideas. 4. Technology, commerce, and religion cause cultures to interact, exchange and conflict with one another. 5. Every society has developed some political system by which either the one, the few, or the many rule over others.

3. Unit Essential Questions 1. How does geography affect people and societies? 2. How can ideas change the world? 3. What is globalization and when did it begin? 4. What happens when different cultures interact? Why do technology, commerce and religion have an impact on inter-cultural interactions? 5. What is the proper relationship between citizens and their government?

4. Africa Asia Oceania Europe North America South America Antarctica Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Arctic Ocean USA UK China Russia Nigeria Brazil Mexico Iran Iraq 1 – Philadelphia 2 – London 3 – Beijing 4 – Sydney 5 – Pretoria 6 – Mumbai 7 - Lima 1 2 3 4 5 6 India 7 What geography theme is represented on this map? How could we show the other themes? Russia UK Mexico Iran Brazil Nigeria Iraq China India USA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4

5. Location  Geographers use latitude and longitude to pinpoint a place’s absolute, or exact, location.  To know the absolute location of a place is only part of the story. It is also important to know how that place is related to other places—in other words, to know that place’s relative location. Relative location deals with the interaction that occurs between and among places.  It refers to the many ways—by land, by water, even by technology—that places are connected.

6. Place  All places have characteristics that give them meaning and character and distinguish them from other places on earth. Geographers describe places by their physical and human characteristics.  Physical characteristics include such elements as animal life. Human characteristics of the landscape can be noted in architecture, patterns of livelihood, land use and ownership, town planning, and communication and transportation networks.  Languages, as well as religious and political ideologies, help shape the character of a place.  Studied together, the physical and human characteristics of places provide clues to help students understand the nature of places on the earth.

8. Religions of the World

9. Human/Environment Interaction  The environment means different things to different people, depending on their cultural backgrounds and technological resources.  In studying human/environment interaction, geographers look at all the effects—positive and negative—that occur when people interact with their surroundings.  Sometimes a human act, such as damming a river to prevent flooding or to provide irrigation, requires consideration of the potential consequences.

11. Movement  People interact with other people, places, and things almost every day of their lives.  They travel from one place to another; they communicate with each other; and they rely upon products, information, and ideas that come from beyond their immediate environment.

13. Beginning of the Modern World  “Modern” Globalization  Phase of increasing trade links and cultural exchange in 19 th century  Columbian Exchange- widespread exchange of animal, plants, culture (slaves), communicable diseases and ideas between Eastern and Western hemispheres

14. Region  Region is an area on the earth’s surface that is defined by certain unifying characteristics.  The unifying characteristics may be physical, human, or cultural. In addition to studying the unifying characteristics of a region, geographers study how a region changes over times.  Using the theme of regions, geographers divide the world into manageable units for study.

16. Beginning of Modern World Europe

17. Religions of the World

18. World Religions: A Comparison Buddhism Name of DeityThe Buddha did not teach a personal deity FounderSiddhartha Gautama – called the Buddha (means The Enlightened One) Holy BookNo one book—sacred texts including the Perfection of Wisdom Sutra, Tripitaka, Mahayna Sutras LeadershipBuddhist monks and nuns Basic BeliefsPersons achieve complete peace and happiness (nirvana) by eliminating material possessions; Nirvana achieved by following the Noble Eightfold Path. Karma is the concept that good begets good and bad begets bad.

19. World Religions: A Comparison Christianity Name of DeityGod and Jesus Christ FounderJesus Christ and the Apostles Holy BookBible (Pentateuch, Prophets, Kings, and Apostles) LeadershipClergy (priests, ministers, etc.) Basic BeliefsThere is only one God; Jesus Christ was the son of God. He died to save humanity from sin, making eternal life possible for others; Persons achieve salvation by following teachings of Jesus

20. World Religions: A Comparison Hinduism Name of DeityThree main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva FounderNo one founder Holy BookNo one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas LeadershipGuru, Holy Man, Braham priest Basic BeliefsThe soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.

21. World Religions: A Comparison Islam Name of DeityGod (Allah) FounderMuhammad Holy BookQur’an LeadershipSunni and Shi’i have different clergy. Imams, mullahs, Caliphs, ayatollahs, hojjat al-islam – collectively called the Ulama Basic BeliefsPersons achieve salvation by following the Five Pillars of Islam and living a just life. These pillars are faith, almsgiving, fasting (Ramadan), pilgrimage to Mecca, and prayer,

22. Difference between Islam and Muslim…  Islam is the religion and Muslims are people who understand, believe, and practice Islam properly, i.e. according to the text.  Islam is to Christianity what Muslims are to Christians.

23. World Religions: A Comparison Judaism Name of DeityGod (Yahweh) FounderAbraham Holy BookHebrew Bible (including the Torah) LeadershipRabbis Basic BeliefsThere is only one God; God loves and protects his people but also holds people accountable for their sins and shortcomings; Persons serve God by studying the Torah and living by its teachings; major holidays – Rosh Hashana, Yom Kippur, Passover and Shabbat

24. World Religions: A Comparison Hinduism Name of DeityThree main Gods: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva FounderNo one founder Holy BookNo one book, sacred texts including the Vedas, the Puranas LeadershipGuru, Holy Man, Braham priest Basic BeliefsThe soul never dies but is continually reborn; Persons achieve happiness after freeing themselves of earthly desires, Freedom from earthly desires comes from lifetime of worship, knowledge, and virtuous acts.

25. World Religions: A Comparison Confucianism Name of DeityNo real deity, per se, but a sense that there are gods and spirits in Heaven FounderConfucius (Kung Fu Tzu) Holy BookThe Analects of Confucius LeadershipState leaders and recognized teachers Basic BeliefsTo create a harmonius society, a person should live a life of virtue here on earth by following a set of ethical guidelines focused on how to relate to other people. Essentially, treat people the way you want to be treated, honor your parents, those above you and respect those below, also honor the ancestors

26. Religions of the World

27. Religion review 1. Name 3 monotheistic religions 2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts 3. Which religion(s) have no identified founder? 4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma? 5. Which religion(s) have a belief in heaven? 6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society?

28. Religion review 1. Name 3 monotheistic religions 1. Judaism, Christianity, Islam 2. Which religion(s) have multiple holy texts? Name the texts 1. Hinduism – Puranas, Vedas, Buddhism - sutras 3. Which religion(s) has no identified founder? 1. Hinduism 4. Which religion(s) believe in Karma? 1. Buddhism 5. Which religion(s) believe in heaven 1. Islam, Christianity, to some extent Judaism depending on interpretation 6. Which religion(s) focus primarily on living a virtuous life to create a harmonious society? 1. Confucianism

29. The Renaissance 1300-1600 THE RENAISSANCE

30. Short-Term  Historical Centers  Urban centers  Merchants  Secular Writings  Plague  Failing Dark Age Institutions  Church failures CAUSES Long-Term

31.  Individuals can be great (FAME)  Focus on SECULAR ideas, not religious  Information for everyone, not just elite  HUMANISM REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS

32. People  Leonardo da Vinci  Medici family  Machiavelli  Castiglione  Michelangelo  1434: Medicis take control in Florence  1455: Gutenberg Bible published  1513: Prince published IMPORTANT… Dates/Events

33.  Writing to be famous  How to govern, behave  Machiavelli – first political scientist  Famous Quotes: “The end justifies the means.” It is “much safer to be feared than loved”’. “A ruler must be both a lion and a fox.” B. New Writing

34. Political/Social/ Economic Changes  Humanism  Growing merchant class  Questioning importance of religion in gov’t  The Prince/The Courtier  The Last Supper  David  Perspective, realism  Printing press IMPORTANT… Literature/Art/Music

35. Short-Term  Greater availability of books  Changes in art/writing styles  Published laws, maps, social codes, BIBLES  Widespread information means  Attempts to reform society change views on how life should be lived  People begin to question political structures/ religious practices RESULTS Long-Term