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Barcoding the Birds of the Palearctic Kevin C.R. Kerr University of Guelph Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Canada Collaborators: S. Birks, S. Rohwer, R. Faucett, M. Kalyakin, P.D.N. Hebert
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Introduction
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© S. Birks Sources for specimens Burke Museum, University of Washington Demonstrated well-preserved tissue collection in previous collaboration Houses voucher specimens for tissues Boasts an “unsurpassed modern collection from many localities throughout the former Soviet Union and Mongolia”
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Specimen selection No formal list has been decided on yet for the Palearctic “A Field Guide to the Birds of Russia” was used as a guide to pick samples Species were reviewed in systematic order, searched for in the Burke’s online database (including specimens collected in Russia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan)
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DNA sources Feathers are not useful for initial sampling effort Museums are the ideal starting point Maintaining a 96–well format facilitates high throughput Receive tissues in “Matrix” boxes to help maintain organization
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The Analytical Chain Specimen Sample Extract Amplify Sequence Photographs Collection data Online barcode library
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Data management
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Quickly outlines: Information on voucher specimen Taxonomic information Geographic locality Specimen images
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Data management Quickly outlines: Information on voucher specimen Taxonomic information Geographic locality Specimen images
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Data management
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n = 6 n = 1 © A. Cutts Results Summary: 213 of 234 species 626 sequenced of 803 specimens 2.9 replicates per species Mean intraspecific distance = 0.52% (versus North American 0.23%) Mean congeneric distance = 8.83% (versus North American 5.9%)
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Geographic range of samples collected to date Number of Replicates per Species Results
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n = 6 n = 1 © A. Cutts Results Summary: 213 of 234 species 626 sequenced of 803 specimens 2.9 replicates per species Mean intraspecific distance = 0.52% (versus North American 0.29%) Mean congeneric distance = 8.83% (versus North American 5.9%)
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Results: Taxon resolution Only 1 “lumped” pair of taxa has been found:
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1 Anatidae 1 Scolopacidae 1 Columbidae 1 Caprimulgidae 2 Picidae 2 Hirundinidae 1 Troglodytidae 5 Turdidae 14 Species with splits Results: Species discovery
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Old world “redstarts” Results: Species discovery Taxon identification tree illustrates the deep divergences exhibited in some species
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Palearctic vs Nearctic
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© S. Valjakka Palearctic vs Nearctic Comparisons to Nearctic conspecifics is variable NO Palearctic species LUMPS with a Nearctic species
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Preliminary points 1. Patterns of divergence emulate those observed in the North American birds 2. The addition of Palearctic birds does not confuse the results from the original dataset
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New contributions Zoological Museum of Moscow University (Mikhail Kalyakin): An additional 65 species (299 species in total) An additional 352 specimens (1,155 specimens in total)
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Collaboration & Coordination Sweden Norway U.K. Denmark Holland France Portugal Italy IsraelIran Russia Japan China Taiwan
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Collaboration & Coordination
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Lessons from the Palearctic Working Group: 1.Open communication 2.Structure and organization 3.Action
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Laboratory Database Collections Funding & Support The Hebert Lab BOLD The Moore Foundation Canadian Wildlife Service Burke Museum staff: Sharon Birks Sievert Rohwer Rob Faucett Chris Wood Acknowledgements Zoological Museum of Moscow University: Mikhail Kalyakin
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