1. Kelsey Timmerman Nicole Mapes December 7, 2011

2.  Lindsey:  13 years old  7 years of basketball experience  Post player for Roosevelt Junior High basketball team  Succeeds at post position  Fairly physically fit  Highly motivated and willing to learn  In the motor stage of learning to refine shooting skills

3.  Tends to air-ball free throws  Has elbow “out”  Ball tends to fly to the left of the hoop  Different pre-shot routine  Discouraged/No Confidence  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLXpJSn8jE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLXpJSn8jE

4.  Have the highest free-throw percentage on the team (Outcome Goal)  Improve to 70% (Performance Goal)  Routine Fundamentals (Process Goals)  Develop error-detection and error-correction capabilities  Stay calm under pressure (Generalization)

5.  Discrete, Closed Skill  Open-Loop Control System  Intrinsic Feedback  Proprioceptive Feedback  Little risk of injury

6.  Crowd/Crowd noise  Other players on court  Pressure of the situation  Pressure of time  Only have 5 sec to get shot off  Fatigue

7. Program Learning – learn new generalized motor program

8.  Instructions/Demonstration  Verbal/Visual  Visualization  Segmentation  Ground drill  Line drill  Mental-Rehearsal Techniques  Schema Development: Constant Practice  Feedback

9.  Verbally explain shooting process  Set feet (dominant slightly in front of the other)  “Swing your purse”  Set your elbow  Extend your knees/elbow ▪ Up on your toes  “Reach in the cookie jar” Now Nicole will demonstrate!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63N8Nu4d4Gg

10. Lindsey will picture herself performing the techniques shown and the basketball going in (Mental Imagery)

11.  Get into shooting position (feet)  “Swing your purse”  Set Elbow  Elbow “IN”  Get “Set” with guide hand  Push with legs/Extend Arm  Start motion towards basket  Follow Through  Ground and line drills **Put it all together in Slow Motion** (Speed-accuracy trade-off)

12.  Lindsey will try out different pre- shot scenarios  She will perform the same routine before each free throw attempt

13. Lindsey is instructed to mentally see herself practice the “full shot” and then imitate it with her eyes closed (Intrinsic Proprioceptive Feedback)

14.  Shoot 10 Free Throws in a row—take a break  Repeat 10 times every practice session  Introduce a crowd/make noise  Introduce a pressure situation (anxiety)  Set up a scrimmage game

15.  Combine segments in fluid motion (Progressive Part Practice)— gain the fundamental pattern  Increase speed and accuracy in drills  For Lindsey to complete the process with little to no attention (Autonomous Stage)

16.  Statistics  % of free throws made out of 100  % of free throws made during the scrimmage  Observational analysis:  Fluid motion?  Using proper technique?  Following segmentation steps?

17.  Allow for Lindsey to ask for feedback  Answer any specific questions  Instantaneous Feedback  Summary Feedback  Constant shooting practice/scrimmage practice—little to no feedback

18.  Going back to old habits  Adjusting to unfamiliar gyms  Progress goals are met quickly

19.  Focus Lindsey’s attention on back of the rim (Attentional Narrow Focus)  Mental imagery  Physically practice “going through the motions” before shooting (Proprioceptive Feedback)  Focus on every step  Explain what went wrong when Lindsey misses a free-throw (Error-Detection)

20.  Practice in various gyms around town  Have Lindsey focus on gyms similarities rather than differences

21. PRACTICE, PRACTICE, PRACTICE!!!

22.  Youtube Videos  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLXpJSn8jE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QgLXpJSn8jE  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63N8Nu4d4Gg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63N8Nu4d4Gg  Al-Abood, S. A., Bennett, S. J., Hernandez, F. M., Ashford, D. D., & Davids, K. K. (2002). Effect of verbal instructions and image size on visual search strategies in basketball free throw shooting. / Effets d ' instructions verbales et de la taille d ' image sur les strategies de recherches visuelles en lancer franc au basketball. Journal Of Sports Sciences, 20(3), 271-278.  Carboni, J., Burke, K. L., Joyner, A., Hardy, C. J., & Blom, L. C. (2002). The Effects of Brief Imagery on Free Throw Shooting Performance and Concentrational Style of Intercollegiate Basketball Players: A Single- Subject Design. International Sports Journal, 6(2), 60.

23.  Czech, D. R., Ploszay, A. J., & Burke, K. L. (2004). An examination of the maintenance of preshot routines in basketball free throw shooting. Journal Of Sport Behavior, 27(4), 323-329.  Dandy, J., Brewer, N., & Tottman, R. (2001). Self-Consciousness and Performance Decrements Within a Sporting Context. Journal Of Social Psychology, 141(1), 150-152.  Malone, L. A., Gervais, P. L., & Steadward, R. D. (2002). Shooting mechanics related to player classification and free throw success in wheelchair basketball. Journal Of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 39(6), 701-709.