1. Chinese Migration in a Globalizing World Leo Suryadinata

2. Two latest waves of Chinese migrations  The 19 th century and early 20 th century  The end of the 20 th century onward  Reasons for migration  Pull factors in mainland China and push factors outside China  Some differences in these factors over the two periods

3. Differences between two waves of migrants  Destinations (Developing and Developed countries);  Sources of migrants;  Qualities of migrants  Luodi shenggeng, Luoye guigeng, or Transnational?

4. Types of New Chinese Migrants  Chinese overseas students and their families/Professionals  Ordinary migrants to join family members  Investors/Businessmen  Workers (including illegal workers)

5. In Developed Countries  According to Prof. Zhuang Guotu, there are about 4 millions new Chinese migrants  3-3.5 millions went to developed countries; of which over 2 million went to USA  Earlier migrants came from Taiwan, HK; many were students and investors  New migrants from China form the largest new Chinese migrant population  The presence of large new Chinese migrants is linked to state policy in developed countries.

6. USA (in thousand)  Year Chinese Pop. No. % of US pop  1961 237,292 0.13  1970 435,062 0.20  1980 812,178 0.35  1990 1,645,472 0.65  2000 2,879,636 1.02  2006 3,565,458 1.19

7. Australia (in Thousand)  Year Chinese pop. no. % of Aussie pop  1961 23,568 0.22  1971 26,198 0.21  1976 36,638 0.27  1986 196,347 1.30  2001 556,560 2.97  2006 669,890 2.64

8. New Zealand (in thousand)  Year Chinese pop. no % of NZ pop.  1980s 19,000 0.6  1990 40,000 1.1  1996 81,390 2.0  2001 105,057 3.0  2006 147,570 3.6

9. In Developing Countries (estimates)  Country Number Number  (by Zhuang) (by Others)  Singapore 200-300 300  Philippines 150-200 50-70  Thailand 200-300 100  Malaysia 100-150 50  Indonesia 100-120 50  Vietnam 50-100 50  Laos over 10 20  Cambodia over 10 20  Myanmar 100 50

10. Two kinds of states & Chinese migration  The nature of the states affects migration  Migrant states welcome migrants  Indigenous states reject migrants  US, Canada, Australia and New Zealand are migrant states  In SEA, only Singapore is a migrant state; legal Chinese migration to other states is difficult.

11. Singapore  Year Chinese pop. no. % of S’pore pop  1970 1,550,472 77.0  1980 1,786,884 78.3  1990 2,102,800 77.7  2000 2,505,379 76.8  2006 3,368,960 75.2

12. Malaysia  Year Chinese pop. no. % of Malaysian pop  1970 3,719,000 35.6  1980 4,415,000 32.1  1991 4,945,000 26.4  2000 5,692,000 24.4  2005 6,000,000 23.3

13. Indonesia  Year Chinese pop no. % of Indon pop.  1961 2,450,000 2.4  1971 3,293,000 2.4  1991 5,460,000 3.0  2000 4,200,000 2.0

14. Concluding remarks  Chinese new migration is part and parcel of global migration  More migrants have gone to developed rather than developing countries  The sources are not confined to mainland China, but Taiwan, HK, & SEA  Different impacts on developed & developing countries

15.  More foreign-born Chinese than local born-Chinese in developed countries;  More local-born Chinese than foreign- born Chinese in developing countries  Problem of integration still remains?