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STEERING SUSPENSION ALIGNMENT
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Suspension Service Overview
Testing the repair suspension parts. Measure spring height/replace springs. Testing shocks and struts/replacement. Checking suspension parts/ replace as necessary. Replacement of: ball joints, control arms bushings, control arms, steering knuckles, strut rods, strut rod bushings, stabilizers & stabilizer bushings.
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Steering Service Overview
Testing and repair of steering parts. Test conventional steering parts for wear and damage. Test rack and pinion steering for wear and damage. Replace worn parts including: tie rods, idler arms, center links, pitman arms, pitman shaft seals, entire racks & power steering repairs.
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Wheel Alignment Overview
Front wheel alignment. 4 wheel alignment. Hunter DSP 400.
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Automotive Springs Leaf Springs Coil Springs Torsion Bars
Air Suspension
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Leaf Springs Often used on trucks and SUV’s some car applications
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Coil Springs Most common type on automobiles
Requires more sophisticated suspension system
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Torsion Bars Popular on pick-ups and SUV’s
Adjustable on many applications
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Air Suspension Used on luxury cars Complicated
Can use sensors and computer
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Testing Springs Measuring height called ride height or curb height
Simple inch or mm measurement Need to know where to measure Must check specifications
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Shock Absorbers Remove spring oscillations Dual Acting Direct Action
Telescopic Hydraulic Gas operated
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Checking Shock Absorbers
Look for oil leaks Jounce test Bench test
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Rear Suspension Rear suspension using leaf springs.
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Control Arm Suspension
Steering knuckle Upper control arm Lower control arm Upper ball joint Lower ball joint Upper control arm bushings Lower control arm bushings Spring Shock
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McPherson Strut Spring Strut (shock) Lower control arm
Lower ball joint Steering knuckle Strut rod Stabilizer
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Inspecting Control Arm Suspensions
Visual inspection Control arms Steering knuckle Upper and lower control arm bushings Jack properly to check ball joints
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Inspecting McPherson Strut Suspensions
Visual inspection Control arm Steering knuckle Lower control arm bushings Properly lift to check lower ball joint Strut
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Strut Rods Strut rod is also known as a brake reaction rod. Strut Rod
or Brake Reaction Rod
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Stabilizers Anti-Roll or Sway bar for better cornering.
Note: It mounts to each control arm and the chassis.
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Conventional or parallelogram type used on trucks and large cars
Rack and pinion steering used on most cars STEERING LINKAGE
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Conventional Steering System Parts
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Steering Gear
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Conventional Steering Linkage
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Steering Linkage Detail
Idler Arm Tie Rod
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Inspecting Steering Linkage
Inspect the following: Pitman Arm Idler arm Center link Tie-rod ends Rack housing Boots and bushings Grab the tire in the front and move back and forth. Observe parts for Improper looseness.
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Rack and Pinion Steering
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How a Rack and Pinion Works
Pinion connects to the steering column. Rack (a flat gear) Connects to the tie rods and steering arm.
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Exploded view of the rack
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Rack & Pinion Steering Inspection
Check out-board tie rods ends. Check in-board tie rod ends. Check bellows boot. Check rack mounting. Check pinion gear lash.
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Power Steering Hydraulic assist using a pump, reservoir, hoses, valves and power cylinder.
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Conventional Power Steering
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Integral Type Power Steering
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Power Rack & Pinion Steering
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Power Steering Inspection
Check for the following: 1 - Belt tension 2 - Belt condition 3 - Leaks 4 - Noises 5 - Proper operation
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