1. A Roman Type Set? There are many recommendations for the collector moving into the area of ancient Roman coins. Decide what you like, decide what to collect, emperors, animals, buildings, etc. Of course, one of the problems with that is that you really can’t be aware of what you want to collect when you haven’t seen the possibilities. After careful thought, and a great deal of searching, I decided that a type set would be a good start for a variety of reasons: -It would let the collector see a full range of types, which will help in deciding follow-on collecting. -It provides flexibility in price and condition as (for example) one can choose from many Republican serrate denarius, picking the best condition and price that the budget allows. -There is the opportunity to see (and collect) many of the emperors (or focus on a few). So, among the several types that are issued in a given time span you can go after as many different emperors as possible, or you could choose to have an Aureus, Denarius, As, etc of only Augustus. - It affords the opportunity to see a wide variety of inscriptions, reverse types, etc. There was one problem. I couldn’t find anything that said what a type set might look like. So, using a variety of sources, I have developed one type set that you could choose to pursue. As you read even a few of the reference works, you quickly come to understand that there are MANY differences of opinion, and that will likely be the case here. You may decide that there are more coins that should be listed as a type because of a major change that occurred that isn’t listed (I’d like to know about those), or that a change that I have listed isn’t really significant. Well, it’s your type set-pick and choose as you like! The list is flexible and one could decide not to go after the listed provincials, AES Graves, you may only want to build one for silver, or bronze, whatever. Tailor it to your own desires. A last comment. When you left the same looking Indian Head penny collection (if you did), do you still miss the feeling of being “done”? Here are two ideas I’ve used in setting-up my type set. My type set is contained in a 2x2 album by type (to see the changes over time of a particular coin), with the coin inside its flip inserted when I get it (insert the description and let the coin “hang”, then you can see both sides of the write-up and the coin. For those I don’t have, there is a 2x2 piece of paper in the spot that identifies the missing coin. So, make your own album. When the slots all have coins-yep you’re done. Finally, I use the fill button on the pages that follow to change the box from white to yellow when I have a coin type. This allows to me quickly see what I have and what I need. I’d be happy to email a copy of this to anyone who would like it, so that it doesn’t have to be recreated; just use it or modify it based on the type collection that you’re going after. If you have major changes that you find, or would like a copy of this please let me know. Ed Sawyer (esawyer1@comcast.net)

2. Gold (AV) StaterHalf Stater Aureus 7.6-8.0g Quinarius 13-16mm; 3.25-3.75g Early Republic Late Republic/ Early Imperial Nero Reduces 7.1-7.4g 251-253 AD Lite/Half Aureus Heavy/Double (Bino) Valerian I Lowers content to 70-80% 253-260 AD 274 AD Aurelian returns content to 98-99% Diocletian 294 AD Theodosius I 383 AD Constantine I 309 AD New Aureus 16-22mm; 4-5.5g Quinarius 1.5-2.7g: Extremely rare Quarter Aureus 1.2g: Extremely rare Solidus 17-23mm; 4.3-4.6g Semissis (Scarce) 16-18mm; 2.1-2.3g 1.5 Scripulum (Scarce) 14-16mm; 1.6-1.7g Tremissis 13-16mm; 1.2-1.6g 64 AD

3. Silver (AR) Quadrigatus Sestertius Round Denarius >4.0g Quinarius Early Republic Late Republic/ Early Imperial Denarius to 3.0-4.0g 214 AD: Caracalla Centenionalis 23mm; 4.7g 215 AD 253-260 AD Diocletian 294 AD Constans 348-350 Constantine I 309 AD Half Quadrigatus Victoriatus Serrate Denarius Copper added Antoninianus (Double Denarius) Reduced to approx 3.3g Aurelianianus 20-24mm; 3.5-4.5g Reduced to approx 2.7g 260-268 AD Changed to billion 274 AD Aurelian Changed to bronze Argenteus Lite Miliarense 21-26mm; 3.9-4.9g 3 Miliarense Siliqua 18-21mm; 2.8-3.8g Heavy Miliarense 23-24mm; 5.1-5.7g ½ Siliqua-Rare Reduced to 4.1g 355 AD 354 AD 351 AD Bronze AE3 Bronze AE4 17-19mm; 1.4-2.3g 357 AD 64 AD: Nero Double Victoriatus 230 AD Heavy Antoninianus 5.5-7.5g 282-283AD 10% Silver (X ET1 Mark) Half-Argenteus Rare

4. AE/AES 500-300 BC Late Republic/ Early Imperial Radiate Crown Added 117 AD Bronze 1/4 Follis 307-308 AD 317AD Post-Reform Radiate 24mm; 5-6.5g 294 AD: Diocletian 360-363 AD:Julian II Constantine I 309 AD Follis (10.6g) Half Follis 7.6g Billion AE1: Maiorina Early Republic AES Grave: Cast Bronze (289 BC) AES Rude 249 AD: Trajan Decius AES Signatum QuadransSemisTriensASSextansUnicaSemi-Unica SextansQuadransSemisTriensASUnicaSemi-Unica DupondiusTripondius/Tressis Mid-Republic Struck Bronze Quarter Unica Orichalcum 64 AD: Nero Orichalcum Copper Bronze Copper Orichalcum Sestertius Orichalcum Bronze Double Sestertius Copper ¼ Follis Post-Reform Laureate 15- 18mm; 1.2-2.3g 4.5g 3.4g 2.4g 332AD 379AD Bronze AE2Bronze AE4Bronze AE3 Copper AE1Copper AE4Copper AE3Copper AE2 Square Leaded Bronze Reduced to 19-22mm; 2.6-3.2g Bronze ½ Centenionalis 2.3g

5. Other Types Including Provincials Silver Tetradrachum 24-31mm; 13- 14.7g Billion Drachum Silver Tridrachum Silver Cistophorus 24-30mm; 9.5-12g Silver Drachum AE 3/4AE10AE11AE12AE13AE14AE15 AE16AE17AE18AE19AE20AE21AE22 AE23AE24AE25AE26AE27AE28AE29 AE30AE31AE32AE33AE34AE35 Bronze Drachum Billion Tetradrachum 23-27mm; 9.5-14.5g Bronze Medallion Bronze Barbarous Radiate Bronze Obol Bronze Prutah Silver Medallion Gold Medallion Electrum Stater 18-22mm; 7.5-7.9g Reduced to 9.5g Silver Hemidrachm Bronze DiObol Bronze Dichalkon Bronze Chalkon Copper 18mm; 6.0g