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The Large Hadron Collider by Lyndon Evans Philosophical Transactions A Volume 370(1961):831-858 February 28, 2012 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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The history of colliders. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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The Large Hadron Collider. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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A cross section of the two-in-one LHC bending magnet. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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LHC superconductor and cable. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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The regular lattice. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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(a) Cross-sectional model of the LHC dipole without the cryostat. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Schematic of the LHC magnet cooling system. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Excavation of ATLAS. The cavern is the largest ever built in the type of rock encountered in the Geneva basin. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Aerial view of point 5 in 1998. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Roman coins found during archaeological excavations at point 5. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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An underground river made the excavation of the shaft of the CMS cavern very difficult. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Schematic of the machine layout. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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The superconducting radio frequency cavities at point 4. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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The ‘inner triplet’ in the long straight sections left of point 1 (ATLAS). Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Cooling down of the LHC sectors. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Beam on turns 1 and 2. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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A few hundred turns. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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(a) No RF, de-bunching in approximately 25×10 turns, i.e. approximately 25 ms. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Corrected closed orbit on B2. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Equivalent thermal conductivity of He II. (Online version in colour.). Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Effective thermal conductivity of He II. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Sub-sector magnet cooling scheme. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Experimental validation: temperature evolution. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Powering example: 15R1 powering at 5000 A. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Snapshots in sectors 67 and 78 of all 154 dipoles during a current ramp to 5 kA—B32.R6 with a high (47 nΩ, top trace) joint resistance between the poles of one aperture. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Loss maps for collimation. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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The electron cloud effect. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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Improvement in vacuum pressure during ‘scrubbing’. Lyndon Evans Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 2012;370:831-858 ©2012 by The Royal Society
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