1. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 1 Chapter 7 Managing Your Time

2. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 2 Review 1- 时间记录日志

3. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 3 Review 2- 周时间总结表

4. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 4 Review 3- 作业编号记录

5. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 5 Review 4- 规模估计

6. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 6 In this chapter  Plan->measure->manage  Time budgets; ( 时间安排表或时间 预算表 )  How to make a time budget;  And how to meet your time budget?

7. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 7 Element of Time management  你已经有了一些历史数据，看它们会 怎样帮助你做计划？ 1. Decide how to spend your time; 2. Make a time budget; 3. Track the way you spend time against the budget; 4. Decide what changes to make to bring your actions into agreement with the budget

8. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 8 Procedure of time management Categorizing your activities Gathering data on time spent by activity Evaluating your time distribution Making a time budget Gathereing data on time spent against the time budget Evaluating the time budget(activity and distribution)

9. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 9 Categorizing your activities  Cover all of your principal activities  Your weekly activity summary shows the average, maximum and minimum times you spend on each activity each week.  Focus on those few categories that take the most time.  Gathering data on time spent by activity

10. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 10 Evaluating your time distribution  Ask yourself whether you are spending time the way you want to?  Which activities are most important? Whether you are giving them enough time?  Do some tasks take so long that you never get to others that are some important?  What are your personal commitments?  Must balance schoolwork, jobs, recreation, and social life.

11. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 11 Making a time budget student date instructor class 活动类别计划时间（分钟）实际时间（分钟） 总计  Format of Weekly Time Budget (Table 7.1)  Your plan for how to spend time.

12. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 12 Weekly activity summary (Table 7.2) 任务 日期 日总计 日 一 二 三 四 五 六 周总计

13. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 13

14. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 14 Making a time budget  Philosophical views of making time budget  Your time budget should be a doable plan, not a wish of that you spend time;  There are 24 hours a day. If you want to spend more time on some activities, you must take this time from other activities.  Don’t be too cruel to yourself when you making your time budget  Don’t be too friendly to yourself when you wasting your time.  But sometimes you need more time……

15. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 15 Finding more time  Setting ground rules for you  Make weekly activity budget (See table 7.3)  Do like what you decided and planed.  Rules you have established for managing your time!  Prioritizing your time  Categorizing your time:  Fixed time: class, part-time job, writing programs  Variable time  Required: home work, reading textbook, studying for exams  discretionary ( 自由决定的 ) : eating, sleeping, social activities.

16. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 16 Setting ground rules  Now that you have decided how you want to spend time, you need to actually spend it that way.——A simple RULE!  Actual time management requires making decisions on a minute-by- minute basis.  What a time-management budget is: rules you have established for managing your own time.  Need a daily time budget to guide.

17. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 17 Prioritizing your time  One essential step in time management is establishing priorities.  Fixed times and variable times  Scheduling the fixed items is no trouble.  Problem is allocating the variable time  2 kind of variable activities:  Required & discretionary  Taking a close look at fixed, required, and discretionary to make adjustments.

18. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 18 You only have 24 hours a day!  Where to get additional time needed?  Cutting sleeping and eating time can damage your health!  Skipping and pulling all-nighters generally not a good idea  Your willingness to actually work to the established plan.  A certain amount of leisure activity is necessary.  Bad time plan lead you revolt against.  Time plan need adjustment or revision.

19. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 19 Managing your time budget  Table 7.6 for formated weekly time schedule and budget  Process the unexpected events  Balance between modifying the time budget promptly and sticking to the time budget as tightly as possible  Your ability to work according to the time budget will largely depend on personal discipline.

20. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 20 Managing variable time  What are your high priority items?  Are there any tasks that should be done at specific times?  Allocate specific times for these demand.  Are there activities you want to do as soon as you have the time?  Keep a list of things you need to do.  Keep time budget with your engineering notebook.——clip inside the cover!

21. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 21 Your time management objective  Get an overall picture of your time distribution rather than to know the details.  The point of gathering time data is to help yourself manage time.  If not to be useful,reconsider your way  Gather more time data until you understand how you currently spend time.

22. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 22 Summary  Elements of time managing  Procedure of time managing  Analyze->budget->track  Making a time budget  Finding more time  Managing your time budgets

23. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 23 Assignment 7  Using table 7.4 and 7.6, make weekly time budget for the future several weeks based on your weekly activity summary

24. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 24 Chapter 8 Managing Commitments

25. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 25 In the chapter  What’s the Commitment ( 契 约 ) ？  The importance of managing your commitments and how to manage Commitments ？

26. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 26 What’s the Commitment?  Elements of a commitment:  Aim ---make your aim clear and verifiable  What will be done;  The criteria for determining that it is done;  Responsibilities---make your tasks and return clear  Who will do it;  The compensation or other consideration to be given in return;  and who will provide this compensation or consideration.  Due date--- better be a clear date, not dependent on the other tasks.  When it will be done;

27. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 27 Personal and contractual  With a contractual commitment, 2 or more people must agree on the intended action before it is a commitment.  Time, payment  a key characteristic of personal commitments is that they are voluntary.  To become truly committed, you must have thoughtfully considered the alternatives and decide that this is sth you can and will do.  True agreement is the most important single characteristic of a personal commitment  What, when, what in return.

28. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 28 Check list  What will be done  The criteria for determining that it is done  Who will do it  When it will be done  The compensation or other consideration to be given in return  Who will provide this compensation or consideration

29. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 29 Responsibly made commitments  Analyze the job before agreeing to the commitment.  Support the commitment with a plan.  Document the agreement.  君子协议？  口头约定？  If unable to meet the commitment, promptly tell the other party and try to minimize the impact on that person.  software

30. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 30 Steps in making a commitment  1.meet other parts, requirement phase  2.consider the tasks— willing&capability  Can you do the job?  Can you do it in time and for the required?  3.examine personal time commitments, find the time slot  4.discuss the pay and the date to start.  5.Agree on all the items discussed.

31. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 31 Handling missed commitments  An occasional schedule or cost miss is unavoidable  Notify the other party promptly and work together to solve any resulting problems.  longer time,  Reduced scope,examples  Minimize the customer’s disruption.  Don’t give up without seriously trying to meet the commitment.  Not defer facing up it.  ostrichlike

32. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 32 The importance of managing commitments  The principal reason—don’t overlook or forget any!  You may have many commitments  Help you when the work you need to do exceeds the time available.  Quickly identify those commitments  Promptly notify the other parties.

33. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 33 Consequences of not managing commitments  Work required exceeds time available.  Failure to meet commitments.  Misplaced priorities---emergent tasks not important tasks first.  Poor quality work---reduce the test work.  Loss of trust.  Loss of respect for your judgment.

34. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 34  The most important single asset a software engineer can have is a reputation for meeting commitment.  One important purpose of this book is to provide tools to help you make realistic commitments that you can consistently meet.

35. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 35 The way to manage commitments  Making a list of the commitments you already have.  Note the date each commitment is due and the amount of time it will likely take. (See p95 table 8.3).  Several facts:  If you falling behind, you must do something different except working harder.  If you don’t know precisely where you are in a project and how much work remains, you are almost certainly in trouble.  Don’t count on luck.  When you estimate are wrong, they are almost always too low.  Almost all changes involve more work.  Face up to and deal with

36. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 36 Summary  Summary  Definition of the commitment.  The importance to meet commitments and how to manage commitments.  The steps to managing commitments  Make a list of current commitments  Include what is to be done and when  Include an estimate of how much work each commitment will take

37. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 37 Remember software engineer’s facts of life 1.you will continue to fall behind unless you do something different. 2.just trying hard will not help 3.you need to know precisely where you are and how much work remains 4.you can’t count on luck to pull you through 5.your estimates always too low if wrong 6.Almost all changes involve more work.

38. 山东大学齐鲁软件学院 38 Assignment 8  Make a list of your commitments.