1. The Developing Brain New Perspectives from the World of Brain Sciences
Tim Callahan, Psy.D.
Greene County Educational Service Center
Director of Mental Health Services

2. A Scientific Leap Paradigm Shift Genetics & Epi-Genetics
Brain, Neurosciences
Functional MRI, Brain Mapping
Attachment Theory
Research

3. Paradigm Shift Complexity By Design, Survival & Adaptation
Evolutionary Mismatch
Nature and Nurture
Biological Nature of Relationships
Developmental Updates/New OS
Brain Regulation
Socio-Politics
Perspective
Reality??

19. 19

20. STRESS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Modern vs Instinctual Brains
Survival - Fight/Flight/Fright
Immune System
Developed via Nature & Nurture
Threat Button
Cortisol Cascade
Executive Functioning Over-ride
“Crisis”
Hyper-Excitable Nervous System

21. Health=Regulation=Brain Health=Connections
Connections=Stimulation/Rest while anchored to Trustworthy Adult with support and praise
Ongoing interaction between inherent features and environmental influences over time and through developmental windows/stages 21

22. Neurotransmitters & Relationships
Serotonin
Dopamine
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
GABA

24. Superstition, Ritual & Control
“Lacking Control Increases Illusory Pattern Perception”, Science, 2008
Perceived control over stressors wires brain through F.L.
Lack of perceived control wires brain through primitive region
Cause & Effect
Impact on responsiveness to interventions

25. Plasticity & Resilience
The Compensating Brain
Neuroplasticity
Adaptability
Trauma, Stress & Resiliency
Neuronal Connectivity Health
Creating Environments to Build/Sustain Resiliency
Relationships as Anchors

26. Nature-Nurture SPECTRUM
Genetic <~~~~~~~> Environment

27. Burst & Prune Time-Released Neuronal Growth Bursts
Activation & Pruning
Efficiency
Mirroring with Caregivers
Critical Windows
Overhaul & Installation of New OS/Updates
The Damage of Neglect

28. Erickson’s Stages of Development
Infancy (0-1 y.o.): Trust
Toddler (2-3 y.o.): Autonomy
Preschool (4-6 y.o.): Initiative
Childhood (7-12 y.o.): Industry
Adolescence (13-19 y.o.): Identity
Young Adulthood (20-34 y.o.): Intimacy
Middle Adulthood (35-65 y.o.): Generativity
Senior (65+ y.o.): Integrity

29. Adolescence Defined
A developmental transition between childhood and adulthood.
“Sturm und Drang" -- storm and stress. G. Stanley Hall

30. The Storming Teen Brain
Critical Window
Burst then Prune
The Big Gap: Reward v.s. Consequences
Prepare for New Stage of Independence
Hormones
Myelination
Evolutionary Mismatch

31. Reading Emotions

32. Gender Differences Same But So So Different 1% of 30,000 Genes
Hormone Marinates
Different Circuits for Same Task
Compatible Complex Brains
By Design

33. Implications Inherent Features of School & “Success”
Exclusive Society & Civil Rights
Resiliency & Environments
Relationships
Development-Based Education, Prevention & Intervention
Brain Health
Early & Often
Family & Community Engagement
Access to Help
Shifting Paradigm & Perspective
Legislation & Funding

34. The Recipe Safety Dignity Respect for Individual Differences Readiness
Compassion
Relationships
Praise
Stimulation & Rest
Curiosity, Humor, Playfulness
Prosthetics