1. Chapter 1 Ten Themes In The Study Of Life

2. Hierarchy of Organization
Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere
Ecosphere

3. Emergent Properties Order – tendency to self organize
Reproduction – biogenesis
Growth and development
Energy utilization
Response to the environment
Homeostasis – self regulation
Evolutionary adaptation

4. With each step upward in the hierarchy of biological order, novel properties emerge that were not present at the simpler levels of organization.
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.”

5. How do we seek understanding?
Reductionism – reducing complex systems to simpler components
Holism – Study the entire system to truly understand it

6. The Cell Theory 1. All living things are composed of cells
2. All cells come from other cells
3. Cells are the units of structure and function

7. Two Major Kinds of Cells
Prokaryotic – first cell
Eukaryotic – true cell

8. E.M. of Prokaryotic Cells

9. DNA Basics DNA is the substance of genes Double helix
4 Bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
Self-replicating molecule
Changes over time
All forms of life employ essentially the same genetic code

10. Organisms Are Open Systems That Interact Continuously With Their Environments.
Living things both alter and are changed by their environment
Materials are recycled
Energy is lost as heat and not recycled

11. Energy Flow In The Ecosystem

12. Living Systems Are Regulated
Many Biological Processes Are Self -Regulating Through “Feedback” Mechanisms

13. Negative Feedback
Positive Feedback

14. Evolution, Unity, And Diversity
The Evolutionary Connections Among All Organisms Explain the Unity and Diversity of Life.

15. The Three Domains of Life

17. “Descent With Modification”

18. Connections Observation #1– Individual variation
Observation #2 – Struggle for existence
Inference – Differential reproductive success or “Natural Selection”
Natural Selection Is An Editing Process

19. “Science Is A Way Of Knowing”
The Process Of Science
“Science Is A Way Of Knowing”

20. Idealized Scientific Method
Inductive Reasoning

21. Hypothetico-deductive Reasoning
“If…then” Logic

22. “Fishing” For Answers

24. Theories Have Broad Explanatory Power
Theories Are Comprehensive