1. Lecturer 2 (Review) Self
POSITIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to positive feedback, good feelings, and acceptance.
UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to giving positive regard and acceptance at all times and in all situations.
CONDITIONAL POSTIVE REGARD (p. 39) refers to giving positive regard and acceptance only in certain conditions

2. Other key concepts in Ch 2
Self-concept = how we think about ourselves (cognitive)
Self-esteem = how we feel about ourselves (emotional)
Self-efficacy = bridge between self-concept and self-esteem by influencing both cognition and emotion
Positive self = refer to visions, both positive and negative, of who and what we might become someday

3. Key Elements of Self
See page 44 3

4. Lecture 3: Self (Chapter 2) and Personality and Needs (Chapter 3)
Caritas Francis Hsu College General Education PHI1011 Individual and Society
Lecture 3: Self (Chapter 2) and
Personality and Needs (Chapter 3)

5. The Johari Window Known to Self Unknown to self Known to others
Unknown to others
Open
Blind
Hidden
Unknown

6. The Johari Window – early relationship
Known to Self Unknown to self
Known to others
Unknown to others
Open
Blind
Hidden
Unknown

7. The Johari Window – close relationship
Known to Self Unknown to self
Known to others
Unknown to others
Open
Blind
Hidden
Unknown

8. The Johari Window Known to Self Unknown to self Known to others
Unknown to others
Open
Blind
Hidden
Unknown

9. Class Outline
1. What is Needs?
2. Hierarchy of Needs

10. I. What is Needs? 1. Needs & Wants Needs: Wants:
Things people must have to live, e.g. food, clothing, and shelter.
Wants:
Things people would like to have but do not need in order to live.

11. I. What is Needs? 2. How Wants Become Needs
Two ways this can happen are:
1. Through commercials or ads, and
2. Convincing yourself a want is a need.

12. I. What is Needs? 2. How Wants Become Needs 2.1 Advertising Sells
Wants > Needs = Ads
Ads: information > new product > new trend
Frequent Ads > "Yes, I need that.“
e.g. make-up stuff, body slim promotion, …
Unknown Product > Ads > Believe We Must Have
e.g. 排毒美顏寶

13. I. What is Needs? 2. How Wants Become Needs 2.2 DIY: Do It Yourself
You can also do the same thing to yourself.
e.g. a new CD for your favorite artist
You'd feel so special having it.
And you deserve it because:
you've done without so much,
you work so hard,
you give up so much for your kids,
everyone else has it ­ of course you should have it and not do without.
You need it.

14. I. What is Needs? 3. Categories of Need Need:
either biological or social needs / absolute
e.g. the need for shelter, food, human contact, etc.
socially and historically determined
differ at different times, in different societies and in different cultures
e.g. TV, mobile phone

15. I. What is Needs? 3. Categories of Need
3.1 Felt / Subjective / Perceived Needs
People believe they must have to achieve an acceptable level of well-being.
e.g. latest mobile phone model
3.2 Expressed Needs
An indication of the degree to which needs exist as revealed by specific factors.
e.g. Queue for movie tickets, housing prices, HD/AD programmes

16. I. What is Needs? 3. Categories of Need
3.3 Normative / Objective Needs
Usually, experts or outsiders decide what standard is.
e.g. course content
3.4 Relative Needs
People must have to achieve an acceptable level of well being as compared to other
e.g. subsidies in CSSA

17. II. Hierarchy of Needs Each of us is motivated by needs.
Hierarchy of Needs from Abraham Maslow ( ) explains how these needs motivate us all.
Hierarchy of Needs:
satisfy each need in turn
starting with the first - needs for survival itself
lower order needs (physical and emotional) well-being are satisfied are we concerned with the higher order needs (influence and personal development)
if lower order needs are swept away, we are no longer concerned about the maintenance of our higher order needs.

18. II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.1 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
1. Self-Actualization needs
2. Esteem needs
3. Belongingness and Love needs
4. Safety needs
5. Biological and Physiological needs

19. II. Hierarchy of Needs

20. II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization
keen sense of reality - aware of real situations - objective judgement, rather than subjective
see problems in terms of challenges and situations requiring solutions, rather than see problems as personal complaints or excuses
need for privacy and comfortable being alone
reliant on own experiences and judgement - independent - not reliant on culture and environment to form opinions and views

21. II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization
not susceptible to social pressures - non-conformist
democratic, fair and non-discriminating - embracing and enjoying all cultures, races and individual styles
socially compassionate - possessing humanity
accepting others as they are and not trying to change people

22. II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization
comfortable with oneself - despite any unconventional tendencies
a few close intimate friends rather than many surface relationships
sense of humour directed at oneself or the human condition, rather than at the expense of others
spontaneous and natural - true to oneself, rather than being how others want

23. II. Hierarchy of Needs 1.2 Characteristics of Self-Actualization
excited and interested in everything, even ordinary things
creative, inventive and original
seek peak experiences that leave a lasting impression

24. III. Reflections Johari Window and Maslow’s Hierachy (lecture 3)
What is your “basic” needs?
How can you obtain those needs?
How far you can achieve Self-actualisation?
Johari Window and
Maslow’s Hierachy (lecture 3)