2. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN 1-55077-132-9 Exercise Science Section 24: Exercise Science Section 24: Physical Education and Sport

3. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Greeks and Romans  Greeks formed early Olympic Games  First recorded games in 776 B.C.  Olympics held beginning of each new Olympiad in homage to Zeus  A truce one month before games so athletes could travel to Olympia  “Olympic Peace” concept still embraced by modern Olympics

4. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Americas  Aztecs played game considered to be forerunner to modern basketball  Tlachtli  Object to get ball through hoop without using hands  Sports important to Native Canadian culture  Athletic games were part of religious ceremonies  Major contribution of Native Canadians was lacrosse

5. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Europeans  Decline of Roman Empire caused athletic decline  Events left to the elites  Idea that physical activity was important part of life and education made resurgence during the Renaissance (1400-1650)  Renaissance was a time of expanding knowledge about:  Art  Language  Science  History

6. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Europeans – cont’d  An Italian physician began first childhood physical education classes in 1420  New sports developed at this time in Europe  Scotland advanced two major sports:  Golf (1457)  Curling (1541)  Versions of ice and field hockey began in France and England  Rough and tumble “folk football” predecessor to such games as:  Soccer  Rugby  American football

7. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Athletics and the Victorian Era  Victorian ideal of gentleman athlete and amateur:  Well-rounded and refined British gentleman was a sportsman who believed fair play to be more important than winning  Amateurism excluded lower classes from participating  Sports a reflection of life; same values held true in both  Developed manly character and camaraderie in men  Harmful to a woman’s delicate constitution  Physical education and organized sports implemented into growing British school system; as well as Germany, France, Russia, and United States

8. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Calisthenics  Calisthenics  Vigorous exercises and stretches often done as a group, sometimes set to music  Prominent method of keeping fit during Queen Victoria’s reign  Strong connection between calisthenics and early gymnastics  Enabled average citizen to keep fit and healthy  Series of movements basis for many exercises done today

9. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. “Restricted” and Segregated Sport  South Africa banned by international sporting community until 1996 because of apartheid  North American “Negro Leagues” arose when much of American society prevented African-Americans from equal access to public facilities and opportunities

10. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Olympic Movement  First modern Olympics in Greece in 1896  43 events  245 athletes competed  No women or non-European countries competed  The Olympic Charter:  Details goals for Olympic Movement  Help create a better world by educating through sport without discrimination and fostering understanding, friendship, and fair play  Emphasizes peace, tolerance, education, fair play, international understanding, and amateurism

11. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. International Olympic Committee  Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894  International members who represent Olympic movement in their countries  Main responsibility is to govern the Winter and Summer Olympics

12. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Summer and Winter Games  Summer Games  Held every four years  Winter Games  Held every four years since its inception in 1924  Until 1994 Winter Games fell in the same year as the Summer Games

13. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Rise of Professional Sports  National Hockey League (NHL)  Began in 1917 with five teams  Montreal Canadiens  Montreal Wanderers  Ottawa Senators  Quebec Bulldogs  Toronto Arenas  Canadian Football League (CFL)  Evolved in late 1800s and early 1900s from rugby  In 1909 Governor Early Grey donated trophy  Grey Cup  CFL formed in 1958  Only professional league to operate solely in Canada

14. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Professional Sports and Leagues – cont’d  National Lacrosse League  Formed in 1986  12 teams  Three teams in Canada  Calgary Roughnecks  Edmonton Rush  Toronto Rock © iStockphoto.com/”jbpcpa”

15. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. 20th Century Canadian Achievements  The Canada Games  First held in Quebec in winter of 1967  All provinces have hosted games  The Crazy Canucks  1970s kamikaze, fearless, high-speed skiing  Major League Baseball  Arrived in Canada in 1969 with the Montreal Expos  American League Toronto Blue Jays began in 1977

16. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Marathon of Hope  Terry Fox began Marathon of Hope in 1980  Raised money to fund cancer research  Ran 42km every day through the Maritimes, Quebec, and most of Ontario  Had to stop running after 143 days due to aggressive cancer  Died in 1981 at age 22

17. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. Man in Motion World Tour  Rick Hansen gained international recognition in 1985 with his Man in Motion World Tour  The tour spanned:  Four continents  34 countries  More than 40,000kms  Raised $24 million for spinal cord injury research

18. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook. The Contribution to Canadian Society  Influence of sport role models  Sport heroes come to be regarded as some of the most influential role models in modern world  Exploitation  Any relationship in which one party engages in the majority of the effort without receiving a fair share of the results  Sport equity  Occurs whenever the same athletic opportunities are afforded to one group of people as they are to another

19. ©Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2003. All material is copyright protected. It is illegal to copy any of this material. This material may be used only in a course of study in which Exercise Science: An Introduction to Health and Physical Education (Temertzoglou/Challen) is the required textbook.