1. Access symbols for use with video content and ICT devices e-Inclusion The work of STF 286 A project funded by the European Union

2. Access symbols2 This presentation  Describes access services  Explains need for symbols  Describes derivation of symbols  Describes tests chosen  Gives test examples  Details other modalities  Gives preliminary results

3. Access symbols3 The Team  Wally Mellors - STF leader  Richard Hodgkinson  Clive Miller

4. Access symbols4 Access services  To overcome social differences  By rendering content in alternative formats  To provide access to all

5. Access symbols5 Which services?  Subtitling  Audio description  Signing  Speech output  Spoken command

6. Access symbols6 Why symbols?  No use without awareness  No awareness without understanding  No awareness without promotion  International - Symbols do not need language

7. Access symbols7 How to get a good symbol  Check for existing symbols  Check for existing metaphors  Brainstorm new symbols

8. Access symbols8 Brainstorming!

9. Access symbols9 How to get a good symbol (Plan B)  Call in the professionals  Select the best

10. Access symbols10 Testing  ISO 9186:2001  Test for Judged Comprehensibility  What percentage expected to understand meaning?  Where result inconclusive  Perform comprehension test  What do you think this symbol means?  Judge results

11. Access symbols11 Comprehension judging 1 – Correct understanding certain 2 – Correct understanding very probable 3 – Correct understanding probable 4 – Opposite of what intended 5 – Any other response 6 – Response is “Don’t know” 7 – No response given

12. Access symbols12 ETR 070 – Multiple Index Approach 1 – The hit rate 2 – The false alarm rate 3 – Missing values 4 – Subjective certainty 5 – Subjective suitability 6 – Pictogram preference 7 – Pictogram set preference

13. Access symbols13 Test used  Testing to ISO 9186  Both Comprehensibility and Comprehension  Estimate MIA from comprehension results  1,2,3 (correct understanding) give hit rate  4 & 5 (opposite or other) taken as false alarm  6 & 7 (no response) taken as missing values  1,2,3 also give subjective certainty

14. Access symbols14 Comprehensibility Judgement

15. Access symbols15 Comprehension test You may see this symbol in association with a telephone. What do you think this symbol means? Make louder If you cannot guess the meaning, please answer "Don't know". Do not worry if you give the same answer to more than one symbol.

16. Access symbols16 Other modalities  Tactile symbols  Designed by National Centre for Tactile Diagrams (NCTD)  Symbols for  Speech output  Spoken command  Audio description  Audible versions  Symbols for  Speech output  Spoken command  Audio description

17. Access symbols17 Results so far  1500 accesses to website  Nearly 600 tests completed from 30 countries  Cultural analysis – Scandinavia, Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Iberia, Mediterranean, UK & Ireland

18. Access symbols18 Problems  Inability to control display  Inability to control respondents  Biased age and education  More results needed from Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden)  and Central Europe (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Switzerland)

19. Remember the website: http://www.accesssymbols.org We look for your support Thank you for listening