NLS Work Histories: NLSY79 & NLSY97

NLS Work Histories: NLSY79 & NLSY97

Cohort Overview NLSY79 1957-64 NLSY97 1980-84 1st round year
1st round age 1979 14-21 1997 12-16 Latest round Latest year Ages Next interview 22 2006 41-51 2008 10 2007 21-27 Teen jobs HS/college jobs Career jobs Most Yes Starting

Work/Event History Array Week-by-Week Arrays
Status array Employment related activity Working at a specific civilian job Unemployed Out of the labor force Active military service Sometimes called the ‘A’ array Hours array Dual job array Records the 2nd (3rd, 4th) job worked in a week Only civilian jobs

Work/Event History Array Employer Section Data
For each job Employment dates Collected in an event history format Work/search activities during gaps within jobs Type of employment E.g., military Hours worked Gaps between jobs Work/search activities

Employment Section Structure

Employment Section Structure Overview

Employer Roster Formation

Roster Formation: General information
Basic roster generated during the interview Employer name Start & stop dates Sort to assign order from most recent Employer supplements asked in roster order Post-interview Employer name translated to a position/job id Other information added to roster E.g., NLSY97 flag for military jobs Questionnaire / Roster QNAME mismatch Survey questions replaced by roster information

Structure of the NLSY79

NLSY79 Roster Formation R1-R15 R16 and beyond
CPS section Asked prior to ‘On Jobs’ section Employment activity in previous week Current/most recent employer determined E.g., hours, industry & occupation, class of worker ‘On Jobs’ section Remaining jobs collected on roster R16 and beyond All jobs collected in ‘On Jobs’ section Implication for researchers Most CPS job data under different QNAMEs [<r16]

NLSY79 Roster: R1-R8 Key Points
Civilian jobs Work at least 20 hrs/wk for 9 weeks Less information Jobs worked fewer than 20 hrs/wk Short term jobs (less than 9 weeks) Paper & Pencil Interviews (PAPI) FIs told to list jobs in reverse chronological order CPS job usually listed first Data on up to 10 jobs collected Data on up to 5 jobs released to public Information on all jobs used in created variables and created event history arrays

NLSY79 Roster: Changes in R9
Expanded job information collected Work at least 10 hrs/wk for 9 weeks Non-CPS jobs lasting hrs/wk Occupation Industry Class of worker

NLSY79 Roster: Changes in R15/R16
Transition to CAPI Began in r15 Employer Roster jobs Automatically sorted in reverse order Current/most recent (CPS) job always listed first CPS section asked on a rotating basis [r19+] Current/most recent job information Collected in employer supplement [r16+] E.g., hours, industry & occupation, class of worker

NLSY79 Roster: Major Change in R20
Determine job-type in ‘On Jobs’ section Prior to entering employer supplements Supplements administered according to job-type 3 job types Traditional employment Self employment Defined by the type of work, not clients Non-traditional employment Temporary agency workers On-call workers Contract workers

NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: Self-Employment
Own a business Sole owner (with spouse) Partner Own 50 percent or more of the business Director, Chief Executive Officer, or principal managing partner Independent contractor or consultant [Supposed to] file federal tax return form SE to report self-employment income

NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: Non-Traditional
Temporary Agency Paid by a temporary help agency that assigns worker On-call workers Only work on-call hours Contract workers Companies contract w/employer to provide workers “We consider [job name] to be a single employer. Until otherwise instructed, please answer all questions about this job based on your experience with [job name] and not a specific client or assignment”

NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: Traditional
Supervisor employed by the same company Employer provides tools/equipment Work primarily at home but is otherwise a regular employee of the company

NLSY79 R20+ Job Determination: None of the above
“This job does not seem to fit the usual patterns we deal with. Could you briefly describe the sort of working arrangement you have in terms of who owns the business, your relationship with that business, who supervises you and assigns work and who pays you?” Receives a traditional job supplement Most who answer this question have traditional jobs

NLSY97: Differences in Employer Roster Formation
Employer ID assigned YEMP_UID.xx Job reports less constrained No minimum hours or weeks bounds More data on shorter-term or part-time jobs that transition into longer-term or full-time jobs Both military & civilian jobs on Employer Roster YEMP_MILFLAG.01 No CPS distinction No constraint on the number of jobs reported All jobs in created variables & event history arrays

Connecting Employer Roster Data
Loop numbers match information collected in each job-specific employer supplement Loop numbers match information found in created variables Questionnaire/Roster QNAME mismatch Survey questions replaced by roster items in data NLSY79: EMPLOYER_* [r18+] NLSY97: YEMP_

Employer-Specific Supplements

Structure of the NLSY79

Employer Supplements (ES)
Collected for each employer Class of worker Public Private Government Family/Self-employed Armed Forces Hours worked Industry Occupation Gaps within jobs Rate of pay Covered in a later session

79/97 Supplement Differences: Work Histories
Reference point for data collection Job type Self-employed/freelance jobs Non-traditional jobs Temporary agency workers On-Call workers Contract workers Military jobs

Data Collection Reference Point
NLSY79 Data collected as of survey date Except hours at start of each job (began in r20) NLSY97 Data for new jobs Collect as of the job’s start date Data for jobs lasting more than 13 weeks Collect currently/as of the job’s stop date Implication for event history hours array Hours worked when started for short term jobs Latest hours worked for jobs lasting 13+ weeks

79/97 Supplement Differences
Reference point for data collection Job type Self-employed/freelance jobs Non-traditional jobs Temporary agency workers On-call workers Contract workers Military jobs

Comparing Self-Employment
NLSY79 Prior to r20: reported with other jobs Business incorporated Number of employees R20 and beyond Tailored self-employed supplement NLSY97 R1-r5: freelance section includes self-employed jobs Not included in event history/created variables R6-r8: reported with other jobs Included in event history/created variables R9 and beyond: separate supplement Mirrors the NLSY79 r20 section

NLSY97 R1-R5

NLSY97 Freelance Jobs Questions
All freelance jobs Type Weeks worked at job Usual hours per week Number of weekdays, weekends, days/week Usual weekly earnings Freelance jobs earning more than $200/week Industry Occupation Number of people who worked for R Reason job ended

NLSY97 Self-Employment: R1-R3
Age restrictions Age 12 & 13 Freelance section only Older than 14 Both the employer & the freelance section Created variables & the event history arrays are constructed for jobs reported in the employer section only

NLSY97 Self-Employment: R4 & R5
Add freelance jobs into the employer section R4: 1983 & 1984 cohorts receive the freelance section R5: 1984 cohort receives the freelance section Implications Self-employment jobs on the Employer Roster for those who aged-out of the freelance section Created variables & created event history variables include self-employed jobs when collected on the Employer Roster

NLSY97 Self-Employment: R6-R8
Freelance section no longer exists All jobs reported in the employer section Self-employment Freelance jobs All [civilian] jobs included in the constructed variables and the event history status arrays

Self-Employed Information
NLSY79 Business incorporated [all rounds] Number of employees [most rounds] Run business from home/outside home [r20+] NLSY97 Freelance section, age 16+; r1-r3 Business incorporated Number of employees Run business from home NLSY97 Employer section, r4+

NLSY79 Self-Employment: R20
How business started Percentage owned Financial information Value Liabilities No longer at business Reason New job before business close Value after liquidation

NLSY79 Non-Traditional Jobs: R3-R15
‘Some jobs are odd jobs-that is, work done from time to time. Others are REGULAR jobs-that is, jobs done on a more or less regular basis. Is this a job that is done on a more or less regular basis or is it an odd job?’ CPS employer only (r3-r15) All employers (r16+)

NLSY79 Non-Traditional Jobs: R16-19
“Are you a regular employee at this job, do you consider yourself a temp worker, consultant or contractor, or are you an employee of a contractor?” Non-traditional before a regular employee Expect job to become permanent or remain temporary Paid by a temporary agency or contractor Ever a regular employee for this employer All employers

NLSY79 Non-Traditional Jobs: R20+
Identified in the Employer Roster section # weeks expect to be on assignment Monthly earnings over all assignments # different assignments # periods with no assignment If <5 then collect information on all If 5+ then collect information Most recent # weeks total

NLSY97 Non-Traditional Jobs
R1-R8 Traditional supplement No specific questions R9 and beyond Section mirrors the current NLSY79 section

Military Experience Military-specific questions Pay grade
Dates of service Branch of service Regular branch or reserves Military occupation NLSY97 r2+ NLSY79 from r1-r7

NLSY79 Military Experience
Military oversample (N=1,280) R1-r6 collect data R7 and beyond Funding cutbacks reduced this oversample 201 remain in sample Military jobs not on Employer Roster Not assigned a job id Work history coded to reflect military job No other civilian jobs held at that time

NLSY97 Military Experience
Military-specific questions began in R2 Identified in the class of worker question At this employer are you employed by government, by a PRIVATE company, a nonprofit organization or are you working WITHOUT pay in a family business or farm or are you a member of the Armed Forces? YEMP-58500 Small number of misidentified military jobs Correctly coded in YEMP_MILFLAG Rs answer regular employer supplement initially Answer correct question set at next interview

Gaps Between Jobs Section

Structure of the Gap Section

Gaps Between Jobs Number of weeks Main reason did not look for work
On layoff Looking for work Main reason did not look for work Methods of job search used NLSY79: Not in r20+ Possibly on rotating basis in future rounds

Created Variables: NLSY79 & NLSY97

Created Variables Inputs Outputs Answers to interview questions
Employer Roster data Data from previous rounds Outputs Created variables Point-in-time (e.g., hourly wage) Longitudinal (number of jobs ever worked) Employment event history arrays NLSY79: work history arrays

Number of Jobs Created Variables
NLSY79 NLSY97 (CV_TTL_) Number of jobs Teen (14-19) Adult (20+) Adult (20+) ET JOBEVER NA JOB_TEEN JOB_ADULT_ALL JOB_ADULT_ET # of jobs - CY All Employer Self-employed JOB_YR_ALL JOB_YR_ET JOB_YR_SE

Weeks Worked Created Variables
NLSY79 NLSY97 (CV_WKSWK_) Wks work in CY Employee job Self-employment WORKC NA YR_ALL YR_ET YR_SE Wks work SDLI WORKL DLI_ALL DLI_ET DLI_SE Wks work (Job) DLI Wks work teen (14-19) Wks work adult (20+) All Wks work adult (20+) ET TEEN ADULT_ALL ADULT_ET

Hours Worked Created Variables
NLSY79 NLSY97 (CV_HOURS_) Hours worked CY Employee job Self-employment HOURSC NA WK_YR_ALL WK_YR_ET WK_YR_SE Hrs work teen (14-19) Hrs work adult (20+) All Hrs work adult (20+) ET WK_TEEN WK_ADULT_ALL WK_ADULT_ET

Other Employment Created Variables
NLSY79 NLSY97 Wks unemployed SDLI Wks unemployed CY UNEMPL UNEMPC NA Wks out of labor force SDLI Wks out of labor force CY OLFL OLFC Wks active military SDLI Wks active military CY MILSWKL MILSWKC

Creating the Event History Arrays

Work History Data Overview the key employment-related work history variables in the NLSY79 and NLSY97. Examine selected work history variables for one NLSY79 respondent to see how his employment activities are summarized. Consider alternative ways to measure work experience and job mobility.

Part 1 Overview of Employment-Related Work History Variables in the NLSY79 and NLSY97

A. NLSY79 & NLSY97 Weekly Arrays
Definition NLSY79 QName NLSY97 QName Labor force status: STATUS_WK_NUMxxxx EMP_STATUS.year.wk Hours worked per week: HOURS_WORKED_ WK_NUMxxxx EMP_HOURS.year.wk Dual job status: JOB_WK_NUMxxxx_ DUALJOB_NUMx EMP_DUAL_x_year.wk Each array contains one variable per week Week 1 begins on January 1, 1978 in the NLSY79

B. Other Employment Variables (NLSY79 & NLSY97)
Definition NLSY79 QName NLSY97 QName Start date (job) START_WK#_year _JOB#n EMP_START_WEEK_syr.job# EMP_START_YEAR_syr.job# Stop date (job) STOP_WK#_year EMP_END_WEEK_syr.job# EMP_END_YEAR_syr.job# Start date (within-job gap) PER#_START_year _JOB# EMP_GAP_START_WEEK _syr.job.gap EMP_GAP_START_YEAR Stop date (within-job gap) PER#_STOP_year EMP_GAP_END_WEEK EMP_GAP_END_YEAR

B. Other Employment Variables (NLSY79)
Definition Survey Years NLSY79 QName Start date (period not working between jobs) All BSTART_year_PERIOD# Stop date (period not working between jobs) BSTOP_year_PERIOD# Start date (military service) MIL_START#_year Stop date (military service) MIL_STOP#_year Week of the current interview: CURRINT__WK#_year Week of the last interview: LASTINT__WK#_year Job number assigned to employer from last interview: PREV_EMP#_year_JOB#n

B. Other Employment Variables (NLSY97)
Definition Survey Years NLSY97 QName Number of weeks prior to DLI in which the EMP_STATUS.year.wk variable would have changed had this job been included in the last interview. 2000+ EMP_BK_STATUS_syr Number of weeks prior to DLI that job began. EMP_BK_WKS_syr Number of hours prior to DLI that would have been included in the EMP_HOURS.year.wk array had this job been included in the last interview. EMP_BK_HOURS_syr

Part 2 Examine Selected Work History Variables for one NLSY79 Respondent

Our Respondent We will follow a single NLSY79 respondent (CASEID=15) from 1990 to 1993. The examples show how selected work history variables convey this respondent’s employment activities.

A. Job Start Dates and Stop Dates
1990 interview CURRINT_WK#_1990 = 658 1990 interview is held the week of 8/5/90 (week 658). START_WK#_1990_JOB#n = . (for n=1,2,3,4,5) STOP_WK#_1990_JOB#n = . (for n=1,2,3,4,5) The respondent reports no current job, and no jobs held since the last interview.

1991 interview 1991 interview is held the week of 6/30/91 (week 705).
CURRINT_WK#_1991 = 705 1991 interview is held the week of 6/30/91 (week 705). START_WK#_1991_JOB#01 = 674 STOP_WK#_1991_JOB#01 = 705 The respondent reports a job that began in week 674. The job does not “stop” in week The interview week is used as a pseudo-stop week to indicate that the job is ongoing. [A variable in the Job Information file confirms that the respondent is currently working for this employer.] In this example, we will refer to this job as Job A. START_WK#_1991_JOB#n = . (n=2,3,4,5) STOP_WK#_1991_JOB#n = (n=2,3,4,5) The respondent reports no other jobs held since the last interview.

1991 interview (Job A in progress)
Based on this reported information we know that, as of week 705, the respondent’s work history looks like this: 658 674 705 Job A begins 1990 interview 1991 interview (Job A in progress)

1992 Interview 1992 interview is held the week of 6/14/92 (week 755).
CURRINT_WK#_1992 = 755 LASTINT_WK#_1992 = 706 1992 interview is held the week of 6/14/92 (week 755). LASTINT_WK is last year’s interview week +1. PREV_EMP#_1992_JOB#01 =1 START_WK#_1992_JOB#01 = 706 STOP_WK#_1992_JOB#01 = 755 The “previous employer” variable indicates that this year’s job #1 is identical to last year’s job #1. We continue to refer to this job as Job A.

1992 Interview, continued PREV_EMP#_1992_JOB#01 =1 START_WK#_1992_JOB#01 = 706 STOP_WK#_1992_JOB#01 = 755 Job A does not “start” in week The last interview week is used as a pseudo-start week to indicate that this job is a continuation of a job reported last year. Job A does not “stop” in week The interview week is used as a pseudo-stop week to indicate that the job is ongoing. START_WK#_1992_JOB#n = . (n=2,3,4,5) STOP_WK#_1992_JOB#n = (n=2,3,4,5) The respondent reports no other jobs held since the last interview.

As of week 755, the respondent’s work history looks like this:
Job A begins 1990 interview 1991 interview 658 1992 interview (Job A in progress) 755 674 705

1993 Interview 1993 interview is held the week of 7/4/93 (week 810).
CURRINT_WK#_1993 = 810 LASTINT_WK#_1993 = 756 1993 interview is held the week of 7/4/93 (week 810). LASTINT_WK is last year’s interview week +1. PREV_EMP#_1993_JOB#02 =1 START_WK#_1993_JOB#02 = 756 STOP_WK#_1993_JOB#02 = 767 The “previous employer” variable indicates that this year’s job #2 is identical to last year’s job #1. Job A does not “start” in week The last interview week is used as a pseudo-start week to indicate that this job is a continuation of a job reported last year. Job A ended the week of 9/6/92 (week 767); this is the job’s true stop date.

1993 Interview, continued START_WK#_1993_JOB#01 = 771
STOP_WK#_1993_JOB#01 = 810 The respondent reports a new job that began the week of 10/4/9 (week 771). In this example, we refer to this new job as Job B. Job B does not “stop” in week The interview week is used as a pseudo-stop date to indicate that the job is ongoing. START_WK#_1993_JOB#n = . (n=3,4,5) STOP_WK#_1993_JOB#n = (n=3,4,5) The respondent reports no other jobs held since the last interview.

As of week 810, his work history looks like this:
Job A begins 1990 interview 1991 interview 658 674 705 1992 interview 755 767 Job A ends Job B begins 771 810 1993 interview (Job B in progress)

A. Job Start Dates and Stop Dates
Users may wish to create their own variables identifying the “true” start week and stop week of each job held For example, we might create the variables: STARTx = start week of job x, where x indexes the 1st through last job encountered in chronological order STOPx = stop week of job x CENx = 1 if job x is right-censored (in progress when the respondent is last interviewed) and 0 otherwise

For additional information, see:
If our respondent (CASEID=15) were only seen from 1990 to 1993, these variables would take on the following values: START1=674 START2=771 STOP1=767 STOP2=810 CEN1=0 CEN2=1 Note: If we begin following this respondent in 1979, Job A is not his first job. Similarly, if we follow him beyond 1993, Job B is followed by several additional jobs. For additional information, see: NLSY79 APPENDIX 9: “LINKING EMPLOYERS THROUGH SURVEY YEARS”

B. Weekly Labor Force Status
The respondent’s weekly labor force status is described by the array of variables named STATUS_WK_NUMxxx These variables can take on the following values: 0: no information reported for week 2: not working (unemployed vs. OLF not determined) 3: associated with employer (gaps missing; time unaccounted for) 4: unemployed 5: out of labor force (OLF) 7: active military service xxnn: employed (xx is round; nn is job number)

1990 interview The respondent is interviewed in week 658.
CURRINT_WK#_1990 =658 STATUS_WK_NUM647 – STATUS_WK_NUM654 = 4 STATUS_WK_NUM655 – STATUS_WK_NUM658 = 5 The respondent is interviewed in week 658. He is OLF at the interview date. This 4-week OLF spell is preceded by an 8-week unemployment spell that began in week 647. As we will learn “next year,” this period of unemployment/OLF will continue for several more weeks.

CURRINT_WK#_1991 = 705 STATUS_WK_NUM659 – STATUS_WK_NUM673 = 4 STATUS_WK_NUM674 – STATUS_WK_NUM705 = 1301 The respondent is interviewed in week 705. “Last year’s” period of unemployment/OLF continued through week 673. Recall that he is now holding a job (Job A) that began in week 674. The status array shows that from week 674 to the current interview week, he is employed on Job A, which is job #1 reported in 1991 (r13).

CURRINT_WK#_1992 = 755 STATUS_WK_NUM706 – STATUS_WK_NUM755 = 1401 The respondent is interviewed in week 755. Recall that he has worked continuously on Job A since the last interview date. The status array shows that from the last interview week to the current interview week he is employed on Job A, which is job #1 reported in 1992 (r14).

1993 interview CURRINT_WK#_1993 =810 STATUS_WK_NUM756 – STATUS_WK_NUM 767 = 1502 STATUS_WK_768 – STATUS_WK_NUM770 = 4 STATUS_WK_771 – STATUS_WK_NUM810 = 1501 Recall that Job A ended in week 767 & Job B began in week 771. The status array shows that from the last interview week to week 767 he is employed on Job A, which is job #2 reported in 1993 (r15). The status array shows that from week 771 to the current interview week he is employed on Job B, which is job #1 reported in 1993 (r15). The status array shows that he was unemployed for the 3 weeks between Job A and Job B.

With the addition of the information in the status array, we know that this portion of the work history looks like this: 658 674 705 755 767 771 810 647 Job A 1990 interview 1991 interview 1992 interview Job B 1993 interview Unemployment Unemployment or OLF

C. Weekly Hours Worked The respondent’s weekly work effort is described by the array of variables: HRS_WORKED_WK_NUMxxxx These variables give the usual weekly hours worked on all jobs during the particular week.

CURRINT_WK#_1990 =658 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM647 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM658 = 0 The respondent is interviewed in week 658. Recall that the respondent is unemployed or OLF from week 647 to week 658 (and beyond). The hours array shows that he work zero hours during each week of the unemployment/OLF spells.

CURRINT_WK#_1991 = 705 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM659 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM673 = 0 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM674 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM705 = 50 The respondent is interviewed in week 705. The hours array shows that he worked zero hours for the duration of “last year’s” unemp/OLF spell. Recall that the respondent began Job A in week 674. When interviewed in week 705, the respondent reports his “usual weekly hours” on Job A to be 50. The hours array shows 50 hours for every week since Job A began.

CURRINT_WK#_1992 = 755 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM706 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM755 = 55 The respondent is interviewed in week 755. Recall that the respondent has worked on Job A since the last interview. When interviewed in week 755, the respondent reports his “usual weekly hours” on Job A to be 55. The hours array shows 55 hours in every week since the last interview.

1993 interview CURRINT_WK#_1993 = 810 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM756 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM767 = 50 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM768 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM770 = 0 HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM771 – HRS_WORKED_WK_NUM810 = 40 When interviewed in week 810, the respondent reports his “usual weekly hours” on Job A (which ended in week 767) to be 50. When interviewed in week 810, the respondent reports his “usual weekly hours” on Job B (which began in week 771) to be 40. The hours array shows that he worked zero hours during each week of the intervening unemployment spell.

Part 3: Measuring Work Experience and Job Mobility Examples from the NLSY79 (and YA)

A. Cumulative Work Experience
In cross-sectional surveys, data on actual work experience are scarce. As a result, we often use “Age-Schooling-6” as a proxy for work experience. At the interview date, the respondent reports his age and years of schooling (S). We approximate his school exit date as age S+6 and his experience as the time elapsed since that date. Born Assumed to begin school Assumed to end school Interviewed (report age & S) 6 yrs S yrs Age-S-6 yrs

With NLS data, we have many options for measuring work experience.
We need not “start the clock” on work experience at age S+6. We can pick any date as the starting date (t1). We can also pick any date as the stopping date (t2). We need not measure experience as “elapsed time.” Instead, we can count the number of weeks actually worked, the (usual) number of hours worked, etc.

Defining t1 and t2: Depending on one’s substantive focus, possibilities include: Let t1 be the actual date of school exit (e.g., first exit, last exit, or first exit lasting at least N months) Let t1 be the date of college entry and t2 be the date of college exit; this allows us to measure work experience gained while in college. Let t1 be a particular age (e.g., the 18th birthday). This allows us to measure all respondents’ work experience from a uniform date regardless of their school enrollment behavior. Let t1 be the job start date and t2 be the job stop date. This allows us to measure experience with a particular employer. Born Begin school Actual school exit date (t1) S1 yrs S2 yrs Break from school

Defining the unit of measurement: Possibilities include:
Cumulative number of months (or 4-week intervals) in which any experience was gained. Cumulative number of weeks in which any experience was gained. Cumulative number of weeks in which the individual worked full-time (e.g., usual hours35). Cumulative number of (usual) hours worked.

Example 1 Define EXPER1 = cumulative weeks between t1 and t2 in which any experience was gained. LFS1-LFS1409 are variables containing elements of the array STATUS_WK_NUMxxx for weeks 1 (1/1/78) through 1409 (12/26/04). T1 and T2 are the start and stop weeks between which we wish to measure work experience; array status (1409) LFS1-LFS1409; EXPER1=0; do k=T1 to T2; if status(k)>7 then EXPER1=EXPER1+1; end; EXPER1=EXPER1/52; Note: this strategy counts military service and “unknown” weeks as 0.

Example 2 Define EXPER2= cumulative hours worked between t1 and t2
HRS1-HRS1409 are variables containing elements of the array HOURS_WORKED_WK_NUMxxxx for weeks 1 (1/1/78) to 1409 (12/26/04) T1 and T2 are the start and stop weeks array hrs (1409) HRS1-HRS1409; EXPER2=0; do k=T1 to T2; if hrs(k)>0 then EXPER2=EXPER2+HRS(k); end; EXPER2=EXPER2/2000; Note: this strategy counts “unknown” weeks as HRS=0.

Example 3 Define JOB= 1 if a job is held at t1; JOB=0 otherwise.
(In contrast to the preceding examples, this is not a measure of cumulative experience.) START1-STARTX and STOP1-STOPX are user-created variables representing the start and stop dates of every job held. To make the example concrete, assume X=40 (i.e., 40 is the maximum number of jobs reported by any R). T1 is the date of interest (e.g., a given age). array STARTS (40) START1-START40; array STOPS (40) STOP1-STOP40; JOB=0; If T1>0 then do k=1 to 40; if STARTS<=T1<=STOPS then JOB=1; end;

Example 3, continued Let T1 be the week of the 20th birthday
Compare JOB for NLSY79 mothers & their YA daughters Daughter holds job at age 20 Mother holds job at age 20 No Yes All 1074 (71%) 437 (29%) 1511 (69%) 419 (62%) 257 (38%) 676 (31%) 1493 (68%) 694 (32%) 2187

B. Cumulative Number of Jobs Held
We may wish to measure: Cumulative number of jobs begun between any two points t1 and t2 (e.g., from school exit to the interview date). Cumulative number of jobs ended between any two points t1 and t2 Cumulative number of job-to-job transitions between any two points t1 and t2

Example 4 Define JOBBEG = # of jobs begun between t1 and t2
Define JOBEND = # of jobs ended between t1 and t2 START1-STARTx and STOP1-STOPx are user-created variables representing the start and stop dates of every job held; CEN1-CENx are user-created variables equal to 1 if the job is right-censored, and 0 otherwise. To make the example concrete, assume x=40; i.e., 40 is the maximum number of jobs reported by any respondent. T1 and T2 are the start and stop weeks between which we will obtain our job count.

Example 4, continued if T1<=STARTS(k)<=T2 then JOBBEG=JOBBEG+1;
array STARTS (40) START1-START40; array STOPS (40) STOP1-STOP40; array CENS (40) CEN1-CEN40; JOBBEG=0; JOBEND=0; do k=1 to 40; if T1<=STARTS(k)<=T2 then JOBBEG=JOBBEG+1; if (T1<=STOPS(k)<=T2 and CENS=0) then JOBEND=JOBEND+1; end;

NLS Work Histories: NLSY79 & NLSY97

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NLS Work Histories: NLSY79 & NLSY97

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