1. Paige Balcom pez37@wildcats.unh.edu July 30, 2015

2. Problems—Global Hunger & Water Scarcity Hunger causes more deaths than malaria, tuberculosis, and AIDS combined 70% of the world’s fresh water is already being used http://blogs.worldwatch.org/nourishingtheplanet/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/Water-India-Big1.jpg http://c85c7a.medialib.glogster.com/media/e1/e1aef550f55b95c5238e214d914e12192389e15 4b9cc69acb46f6366fcb54687/world-hunger7.jpg

3. Outline U.S. Involvement Solutions Irrigation Aquaponics Challenges Policy Recommendations Conclusion

4. Why should the U.S. be involved? National Security “lack of adequate food will be a destabilizing factor in countries important to U.S. national security.” Economics 50% lives on less than $2.50 a day Agricultural investment is FIVE times more effective – UN Food and Agriculture Organization

5. Current U.S. Involvement USDA—food aid USAID Farmer-to-Farmer Feed the Future—training & equipping farmers

6. Solution: Irrigation Irrigated land is TWICE as productive as rainfed land Only 16% of the world’s crops are irrigated Flood: 45-50% efficient Center Pivot: 90-95% efficient Drip: 90-95% efficient

7. Solution: Aquaponics Aquaculture (fish) + hydroponics (soilless plants) Water recycled Protein Cash crops Organic Weather resistant Source: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BzpqxHwfWYuaZUV2MDBRVnJyQ1k/view?pli=1

8. Aquaponics Emerging industry Some commercial ventures, mostly hobbyists International Aquaponics Society founded 2013 Huge potential 10x more productive Raft SystemMedia-filled Bed http://www.aquaponics.com/page/methods-of-aquaponics

9. Challenges Funding Training Distribution Aquaponics Data http://www.gurtong.net/ECM/Editorial/tabid/124/ctl/ArticleView/mid/519/articleId/7979/Poor- Roads-Affecting-Business-In-Lakes-State.aspx https://www.feedthefuture.gov/training-farmers-mozambique http://midatlantic.aaa.com/~/media/Images/Banking/Travel%20Mon ey%20Products/currency.ashx http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v17n1/ernst.html

10. Policy Recommendations—Aquaponics Aquaponics Pilot Study Innovation Lab Aquaponics Farmer-to-Farmer Collect Aquaponics Statistics Existing surveys

11. Policy Recommendations— Irrigation & Aquaponics Funding Increase Public-Private Partnerships (PPP’s) Country-designed Funding Schemes PPP provides irrigation in Ghana

12. Policy Recommendations— Irrigation & Aquaponics Authorize Feed the Future Global Food Security Act of 2015 (H.R.1567 & S.1252)

13. Conclusion Source: https://iconicphotos.wordpress.com/2009/08/12/vulture-stalking-a-child/ Agricultural investment is FIVE times more effective at reducing poverty and hunger than investment in any other sector – UN Food and Agriculture Organization

14. Supporting Slides

15. Irrigation around the World Source: UN FAO http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/irrigationmap/index.stmhttp://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/irrigationmap/index.stm

16. Water Losses in Irrigation Source: UN FAO http://www.fao.org/docrep/x0262e/x0262e01.htmhttp://www.fao.org/docrep/x0262e/x0262e01.htm

17. History of Aquaponics 1000 AD: Aztecs planted on rafts 1980s-90s: beginning of modern aquaponics Commercial ventures & hobbyists 2013: Formation of International Aquaponics Society 25-265 AD: Rice-fish cultures in SE Asia

18. Challenges Funding Sustainability Distribution Holistic Farming Regional Differences Cultural Acceptance