1. CHAPTER 31 CHINA, INDIA, AND SOUTHEAST ASIA

2. China is the most populous nation in the world  Last time we discussed China, what was happening?

3. Communism under Mao Zedong  1949, Communist setup the People ’ s Republic of China  Wanted to transform from agricultural society into a modern industrial nation Little Red Book : A book circulated throughout China during the reign of Mao Zedong, which contained his political philosophy for China. It was required reading in all schools.

4.  Changing Role of Women  Traditionally women were treated as inferior to men  In communist China, women gained some rights  Women won equality under the law

5.  The Great Leap Forward  called on people to increase agricultural and industrial output  To make more productive farms, he created communes: groups of people who lived and work together and hold property in common (similar to Russia)  This program failed  Commune-based industries turned out poorly made goods  Agricultural output declined  Bad weather created widespread famine

6.  The Cultural Revolution  renew people ’ s loyalty to communism and to establish a more equitable (equal) society  Shut down schools/universities  Students formed groups of fighters called the Red Guards  1976, Mao Zedong died and Deng Xiaoping took control

7. Communism under Deng Xiaoping  Brought more economic freedom but little political change  Economic Reforms: The Four Modernizations  Farming-methods were modernized and mechanized  Industry-was upgraded and expanded  Science and Technology-were promoted and developed  Defense-systems and military forces were improved  Limited Privatization  Allowed land to be leased to individual farmers  Increased agricultural output

8.  Foreign Investment  Welcomed foreign technology/capital  Setup special enterprise zones where foreigners could own and operate business  Result of Reforms Positive Negative 1. Economy grew 1. Crime/corruption grew 2. Better standard of 2. Gap between rich/poor livingwidened 3.Foreign relations/trade improved

9.  Tiananmen Square  demonstrators occupied Tiananmen Square, demanding more rights/freedoms  When they refused to disperse, gov. sent troops and tanks  Thousands of Chinese were killed/wounded  This incident showed order was more important than political freedom  During the 1990s, efforts were made to force China to end human rights violations, but were limited