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HIST209 Industrial Metropolis October 5 th, 2010 Prof. Johnson Mark Pan US LUMBER INDUSTRY.

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Presentation on theme: "HIST209 Industrial Metropolis October 5 th, 2010 Prof. Johnson Mark Pan US LUMBER INDUSTRY."— Presentation transcript:

1 HIST209 Industrial Metropolis October 5 th, 2010 Prof. Johnson Mark Pan US LUMBER INDUSTRY

2  This presentation focuses on 1860-1900 softwood lumber production sources in the US with an emphasis on Chicago in the timeline  Focus on softwood lumber because this was the primary type of wood in Chicago (particularly white pine) (Cronon, 151). Further, there was more available data and softwood was more prevalent in the US in the late 1800s, particularly since houses used softwood lumber.  Hardwood was particularly relevant in the South  http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/articles/171/growth-of-the-lumber-industry-1840-to-1930 http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/articles/171/growth-of-the-lumber-industry-1840-to-1930  Unfortunately the seemingly ideal source is in storage at the Penn library and takes 3-4 business days to retrieve. These are “Forest products statistics of [various US regions],” compiled by R.V. Reynolds and A.H. Pierson.  Much of the earlier literature used the term timber. This can be used interchangeably with what we call lumber in general.  http://www.differencebetween.net/object/difference-between-lumber-and-timber/ http://www.differencebetween.net/object/difference-between-lumber-and-timber/  iji PREFACE

3  Rough raw data were collected from:  Cox, Thomas R. "Mills and Markets: A History of the Pacific Coast Lumber Industry to 1900." Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1974. Print.  See Appendix A for my raw data  The following maps were created using ArcGIS 10 METHODOLOGY

4  The following are graduated color maps I created. GRADUATED COLOR MAPS, 1 YEAR/SLIDE

5 1848

6 1869

7 1879

8 1889

9 1899

10  The following are density dot maps, representing the same information in a different way DENSITY DOT MAPS, 1 YEAR/SLIDE

11 = 20 million board feet 1869

12 = 20 million board feet 1879

13 = 20 million board feet 1889

14 = 20 million board feet 1899

15  Timeline events regarding Chicago are drawn from Cronon  Other timeline events are drawn from Cox DENSITY DOT MAPS, WITH TIMELINE

16 1850 1848: Chicago area dominates neighbors in softwood lumber production

17 1850 1850s: Trade Debates over the US excluding Canada from US markets

18 1850 1850s: Chicago lumber capital of the world (Cronon, 170). Average Chicago logging crew 15 men.

19 1850 1854: Reciprocity Treaty for free trade between Canada and the US

20 1850 1857: Tariff of 1857 benefited the South

21 1850 1857: Poor Chicago economy, including lumber industry (Cronon 165)

22 1850 1857: Tariff of 1857 benefited the South

23 = 20 million board feet 1869 1860: 80% of Chicago lumber exported via rail (Cronon, 181)

24 = 20 million board feet 1869 1865: Chicago logging crews now often 50-100 people

25 = 20 million board feet 1869 1866: Reciprocity Treaty Broken by the US

26 = 20 million board feet 1879 1870: Yellow pine competitor from the south makes its way to Chicago. Railroad extensively built in the South (Cronon, 196).

27 = 20 million board feet 1879 1870: Tariff Act: Sawlog imports placed on the free list

28 = 20 million board feet 1879 1870s: Chicago lumber no longer being shipped primarily by water. Industry stagnates until 1882 (Cronon, 184).

29 = 20 million board feet 1879 1872: Increased tariffs on low grade Canadian lumber

30 = 20 million board feet 1879 1873: Poor Chicago economy, including lumber industry (Cronon, 168)

31 = 20 million board feet 1879 1879: Chicago “holding over 400 million board feet of lumber” (Cronon, 173)

32 = 20 million board feet 1889 1880: 90% of Chicago lumber exported via rail ( Cronon, 181 ), though rates heavily increase and hurt the industry ( Cronon, 193 ). At the same time, lumber arriving by lake drastically decreases ( Cronon, 198-199 ).

33 = 20 million board feet 1889 1882: Chicago lumber industry declines

34 = 20 million board feet 1889 1883: Morrill Tariff raised it further

35 = 20 million board feet 1899 1890: McKinley Tariff cut the US tariff on Canadian imports in half

36 = 20 million board feet 1899 1894: Wilson Tariff restored free trade

37 = 20 million board feet 1899 1897: Dingley Tariff quickly returned tariffs to the Morrill Tariff level

38 = 20 million board feet 1899 1900: The Cutover, the cleared Chicago forests (Cronon, 203).

39 APPENDIX A NortheastGreat LakesSouthPacific YearMaineNew YorkPenn.MichiganWisconMinnesoLouisianMississAlabamWashingOregonCaliforn 18690.611.111.281.80.80.220.10.180.1 0.35 18790.540.981.353.71.270.530.240.170.210.15 0.32 18890.590.741.874.22.61.50.280.30.61.150.5 18990.730.661.82.252.82.281.110.991.450.8  Rough raw data were collected from non-numerical graphs from:  Cox, Thomas R. "Mills and Markets: A History of the Pacific Coast Lumber Industry to 1900." Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1974. Print.  I estimated charts and compiled the following data:

40  Cox, Thomas R. "Mills and Markets: A History of the Pacific Coast Lumber Industry to 1900." Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1974. Print.  Cronon, William. “Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West.” New York and London: WW Norton & Company, 1991.  Howe, Tony. “Growth of the Lumber Industry, 1840 to 1930.” Mississippi History Now, October 2 nd, 2010. http://mshistory.k12.ms.us/articles/171/growth-of-the-lumber-industry-1840-to-1930 WORKS CITED

41  http://www.franklin.library.upenn.edu/cgi- bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=forest%20AND%20products%20AND%20statistics%20AND%20r eynolds&SL=None&Search_Code=CMD&PID=orKN1DhiYK_q9j3L1WLp5VoC5_0B&SEQ=2010100 5020814&HIST=1&CNT=50+records+per+page&DB=local http://www.franklin.library.upenn.edu/cgi- bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?Search_Arg=forest%20AND%20products%20AND%20statistics%20AND%20r eynolds&SL=None&Search_Code=CMD&PID=orKN1DhiYK_q9j3L1WLp5VoC5_0B&SEQ=2010100 5020814&HIST=1&CNT=50+records+per+page&DB=local  http://www.differencebetween.net/object/difference-between-lumber-and-timber/ http://www.differencebetween.net/object/difference-between-lumber-and-timber/  http://sofew.cfr.msstate.edu/papers/0704luppold.pdf http://sofew.cfr.msstate.edu/papers/0704luppold.pdf  http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/mnstatehistory/timeline.html http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/mnstatehistory/timeline.html  http://www.archive.org/stream/monthlycatalogof451939unit/monthlycatalogof451939unit_dj vu.txt http://www.archive.org/stream/monthlycatalogof451939unit/monthlycatalogof451939unit_dj vu.txt  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrill_Tariff http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrill_Tariff  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariff_of_1857 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariff_of_1857  http://www.library.for.gov.bc.ca/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=T2862472O7693.2331789&profile= mof&source=~!forest&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6488~!6&ri=1&aspect= basic_search&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=USDA+Statistical+Bulletin&ind ex=&uindex=&aspect=basic_search&menu=search&ri=1 http://www.library.for.gov.bc.ca/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=T2862472O7693.2331789&profile= mof&source=~!forest&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!6488~!6&ri=1&aspect= basic_search&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=USDA+Statistical+Bulletin&ind ex=&uindex=&aspect=basic_search&menu=search&ri=1  http://www.ehow.com/how_5174262_calculate-mbf-lumber.html http://www.ehow.com/how_5174262_calculate-mbf-lumber.html OTHER WORKS CONSULTED

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