1. Constantinople The Rome of the eastern world Heart of the Byzantine Empire Trade city on Mediterranean Sea

2. Traditional Economy Trade and bartering for goods Distribution of goods based on customs, beliefs and habits *subsistence agriculture- growing just enough for your family*

3. 95 Theses List of grievances (complaints) written by Martin Luther against the sale of indulgences created the Protestant Reformation. The Printing Press allowed copies of the 95 Theses to spread quickly

4. Protestant Reformation A schism in the Catholic Church that created the Protestant religion. Martin Luther 95 Theses Catholic Church loses power

5. Age of Absolutism Autocratic rules have complete authority, even in colonies- Divine Right – India- Akbar the Great – France- King Louis XIV (sun king) – Spain- Philip II – Russia- Ivan the Terrible AND Peter the Great (Westernized Russia)

6. Glorious Revolution Non-violent overthrow of James II by William and Mary of Orange. They signed the English Bill of Rights which further limited kings’ powers and created a limited monarchy.

7. Magna Carta gave rights to the people and took power away from the monarchy 1689 A charter signed by England’s King John in 1215 Placed limits on the King’s power The English Bill of Rights

8. Renaissance Time period when people began to question the Church, a time of Rebirth of science, arts and literature (start in Italy) Focus on secular (worldly/ non-religious) Humanism= emphasis on the individual

9. Scientific Revolution 1500’s and 1600’s new way of thinking that challenged traditional ideas of the Catholic Church. Based on Reason and Inquiry

10. Enlightenment People started to question the relationship between themselves and their government. Period in the 1700s in which people rejected traditional ideas and supported a human reason.

11. Social Contract There is a unwritten contract between Gov’t and the people. If the gov’t isn't taking care of people’s needs they can get rid of it

12. Geography Terms Savannah or Steppe: Grassy plain Peninsula: land surrounded by water on 3 sides Archipelago: chain of islands Climate: weather patterns over time (tropical, dry) Region: areas of land with unifying features (Mideast-political, rainforests)

13. Capitalism Economic system based on trade and capital, money is used for investment. Free Market Supply and Demand

14. Middle Passage The voyage from Africa to the Americas (slave trade)

15. Encomienda Racial class structure that made American natives slaves

16. Columbian Exchange Global exchange of people, plants, animals, ideas and technology that began in the 1400’s Cultural Diffusion

17. Mercantilism Economic policy; export more than import Raw materials sold cheaply to mother nation; expensive manufactured goods sold to colonies

18. Law Codes Napoleonic Code- Equality after French Rev Justinian’s Code- Byzantine law code Laws of the Roman Twelve Tables- Basis of today's legal system Hammurabi's Code- Eye for an eye

19. Imperialism When a stronger nation takes over a weaker nation’s social, economic and political life Justified by Social Darwinism Established colonies

20. STOP