1. Slide 1 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > Properties of Acids and Bases Acids Acids taste ____________, will change the _____________ of an acid-base ___________, and can be strong or weak ____________ in aqueous solution. 19.1 Citrus fruits contain citric acid. Tea contains tannic acid.

2. Slide 2 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > Properties of Acids and Bases Bases Bases taste _________, feel _____________, will change the _________ of an acid-base _______________, and can be strong or weak __________________ in aqueous solution. 19.1 Antacids use bases to neutralize excess stomach acid. The base calcium hydroxide is a component of mortar.

3. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 3 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > > > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius said that acids are _________________-containing compounds that ionize to yield ________________ _________(H + ) in aqueous solution. He also said that _______ are compounds that ionize to yield _________________ ions (OH – ) in aqueous solution. 19.1

4. Slide 4 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > 19.1 Arrhenius Acids and Bases Hydrochloric Acid

5. Slide 5 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius Acids Acids that contain ________ ionizable hydrogen, such as nitric acid (HNO 3 ), are called monoprotic acids. Acids that contain __________ ionizable hydrogens, such as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), are called diprotic acids. Acids that contain __________ ionizable hydrogens, such as phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) are called triprotic acids. 19.1

6. Slide 6 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Arrhenius Acids and Bases 19.1

7. Slide 7 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Arrhenius Acids and Bases Arrhenius Bases ___________ ions are one of the products of the dissolution of an __________ ____________in water. 19.1

8. Slide 8 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Arrhenius Acids and Bases 19.1

9. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 9 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > > > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases The Brønsted-Lowry theory defines an __________ as a hydrogen-ion _____________, and a ________ as a hydrogen-ion _______________. 19.1

10. Slide 10 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases Why Ammonia is a Base 19.1

11. Slide 11 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A conjugate acid is the particle formed when a ______ gains a ________________ ion. A conjugate base is the particle that remains when an ________ has __________ a hydrogen ion. 19.1

12. Slide 12 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A ______________ acid-base pair consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion. A substance that can act as both an acid and a base is said to be ________________. 19.1

13. Slide 13 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases 19.1

14. Slide 14 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Brønsted-Lowry Acids and Bases A water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion becomes a positively charged hydronium ion (H 3 O + ). 19.1

15. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 15 of 35 Acid-Base Theories > > > Lewis Acids and Bases Lewis proposed that an acid accepts a pair of electrons during a reaction, while a base donates a pair of electrons. 19.1

16. Slide 16 of 35 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Acid-Base Theories > > > > > > Lewis Acids and Bases A Lewis acid is a substance that can accept a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. 19.1

17. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 17 of 35 Acid-Base Theories >

18. © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 18 of 35 Practice Problems for Conceptual Problem 19.1 Problem Solving 19.1 Solve Problem 1 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.