1. Côte d’Ivoire Connor Lee

2. Côte d’Ivoire: Basic Facts Official Name: Republic of Côte d’Ivoire Government: Presidential Republic Official Language: French Independence: August 7, 1960 from France

4. Post-Colonial Rule: 1960s-1970s  Félix Houphouët-Boigny  One Party Rule  1979 – cocoa producer  Post-colonial stability  Ethnic harmony  Economic success

5. 1980s and Early 1990s  World recession and local drought  Crime in Abidjan dramatically rose  Introduction of multi-party system  1993, Houphouët-Boigny’s death  Successor: Henri Konan Bédié  Secured re-election by jailing opposition

6. Ivoirité  Defined Ivoirian nationality  Excluded many immigrants and the Muslim minority in the north  Opposite to Houphouët-Boigny’s approach  Excluded his rival Alassane Ouattara

7. 1999 Coup d'état  Bédié excluded any possible opponents from the army  Robert Guéï replaced Bédié  Reduction in crime and corruption

8. 2000 Presidential Election  Constitution excluded Alassane Ouattara  Guéï was replaced by Laurent Gbagbo  Explosion of political tension  No legitimate democratic institution

9. First Ivorian Civil War  2002 troop mutiny into civil war by FNCI  Most fighting ended 2004, but peace agreement made 2007  More civil unrest followed

10. 2010 Presidential Election  Alassane Ouattara recognized internationally as winner of the October 2010 election  Laurent Gbagbo’s supporters charged fraud on the northern departments of the election  Gbagbo and Ouattara each had their own inauguration  Many refugees fled the country

11. Second Ivorian Civil War  The 2010 Presidential Election led to another civil war  After four months, Ouattara’s forces overtook the south and captured Gbagbo  Ouattara finally took office in May 2011  Laurent Gbagbo was sent to the International Criminal Court in November 2011

12. Personalistic Rule  Félix Houphouët-Boigny hailed for creating a model state but failed at having a sustainable model after his death  Henri Konan Bédié saw deterioration of his state  Neopatrimonial favoritism and clientelism exposed when economy declined  Robert Guéï preferred promoting unity and development under single-party regime  Laurent Gbagbo placed political and economic resources on the side of non-Muslims

14. Rankings  HDI in 2013 - 0.452 (171 st /187)  Gini in 2008 - 41.5 (medium)  World Bank Corruption Ranking in 2011 – 38 th /49 African countries  Transparency International in 2014 – 32/100  115 st /175  22 nd /47 in Sub-Saharan Africa

15. Millennium Challenge Corporation  American Government Agency  Delivers Aid on the basis of countries who qualify on levels of:  Economic freedom  Investing in its people  Ruling justly  Côte d’Ivoire’s level of corruption does not satisfy the requirement in the “Ruling justly” category

16. Côte d’Ivoire’s Future  Doudou Diène, an independent expert on Human Rights in the country, reported to the United Nations  He recognized that what’s needed is building an inclusive democracy supported by equitable justice  Justice will be built on democratic reconstruction and national reconciliation

17. Bibliography  http://africanworldpolitics.site.wesleyan.edu/2014/09/23/n eo-patrimonialism-and-political-culture-cote-divoire/ http://africanworldpolitics.site.wesleyan.edu/2014/09/23/n eo-patrimonialism-and-political-culture-cote-divoire/  http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45155#. VUJt-61Vikp http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=45155#. VUJt-61Vikp  http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13287216 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13287216  http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cotedivoire http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cotedivoire  http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/answer/overview _of_corruption_and_anti_corruption_in_cote_divoire http://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/answer/overview _of_corruption_and_anti_corruption_in_cote_divoire  http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country- chapters/cote-d-ivoire http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2014/country- chapters/cote-d-ivoire 17