1. Preconditions for Effective Implementation of Anti-Corruption Measures Jane S. Ley Deputy Director U.S. Office of Government Ethics www.usoge.gov Global Forum V Johannesburg, South Africa, April 2-5, 2007

2. Respect for Human Rights and Freedoms Real Political Will Appropriate Timing Appropriate Situation Assessment Cooperation Between the Public & Private Sector and Civil Society Drago KOS Chairman, Commission for the Prevention of Corruption (Slovenia), Chairman of GRECO

3. Prevention Before Repression Graduated Approach Transparency and Openness of the Measures

4. Overarching Preconditions Political Will Personal Leadership Citizen Participation and Access to Information

5. Anti-corruption measures must cover-- Prevention Detection Investigation Prosecution

6. Public Service Accountability Systems Institutional Individual

7. Institutional Accountability in public administration Transparency of-- Priorities Goals Processes chosen to achieve goals Measures used to judge effectiveness, and Consequences of exceeding, meeting or failing to meet the goals

8. Individual Accountability in Public Service Publicly announced, fair, understandable standards for official conduct (creates shared expectations) Reasonable consequences for failing to meet standards following fair procedures (can include criminal, civil or administrative sanctions)

9. Effectiveness requires continual assessment and practical adaptation of anti-corruption measures.