1. Obchodní akademie, Ostrava-Poruba, příspěvková organizace Vzdělávací materiál/DUM VY_32-INOVACE_05C/1 Great Britain / History 1 Autor Mgr. Jana Kondeková Období vytvoření Srpen 2013 Ročník/věková kategorie 4. ročník / 18-19 let Vyučovací předmět/klíčová slova Great Britain / History 1 Anotace Práce slouží k procvičení reálií s tématikou Great Britain jako příprava k maturitní zkoušce či jako příprava ke zkouškám na vysokou školu.

2. Great Britain Part One History of Great Britain 1

3. The Pre-Celtic Period (before 800 B.C.) The Celtic Period (800 B.C. – A.D. 43) Roman Britain (A.D. 43 – 407) The Anglo-Saxon Period (the middle of the 5th century – 1066) The Period of Feudalism (1066 – 15th century) The Tudor Period (1485 – 1603) The Stuarts and the English Revolution (1603 – 1688)

4. The Pre-Celtic Period (before 800 B.C.) Little is known about people who inhabited the British Isles in this pre-historic period. The first people were the Iberians and the Beaker People. They built some monuments which have been preserved, such as Stonehenge, i.e. big circular stones near Salisbury in the south of England.

5. Stonehenge – in the south of England The Halfway Inn. http://www.halfwayinn-newbury.co.uk/links/stonehenge/ (accessed Aug 01, 2013).http://www.halfwayinn-newbury.co.uk/links/stonehenge/

6. The Celtic Period (800 B.C. – A.D. 43) The first Celtic tribes were the Goideic. They are believed to have come to the British Isles between 800 and 700 B.C. Two centuries later, they were followed by the Brythons after whom the land got its name Britain. They were warring tribes. The Celtic cultural heritage is left in Wales, parts of Scotland (the Highlands) and Ireland. The organization of the Celtic society was tribal. The land was divided into small units under local chieftains.

7. The Brythons Britons. http://www.realmagick.com/britons/ (accessed Aug 01, 2013).http://www.realmagick.com/britons/

8. Roman Britain (A.D. 43 – 407) The first Roman invasion was led by Julius Caesar in 55 B.C. But Britain was not conquerred until 90 years later, under Emperor Claudius, in A.D. 43. The Romans met with a revolt in the south of Britain in A.D. 60, led by Queen Boadicea. She was a national heroine, a symbol of courage. The Roman occupation lasted 400 years, until 407. People did not adopt Latin, it did not displace Celtic.

9. Queen Boadicea Interview And Style: Queen Boadicea Need Not Apply. http://victoree.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/interview-and-style- queen-boadicea-need-not-apply/ (accessed Aug 01, 2013). http://victoree.wordpress.com/2011/03/28/interview-and-style- queen-boadicea-need-not-apply/

10. The Anglo-Saxon Period (the middle of the 5th century – 1066) In the middle of the 5th century, three Germanic tribes – the Angles, Saxons and Jutes invaded Britain from the Continent. The Angles and Saxons came from the North Germany coast. The Jutes came probably from the lower Rhineland. The invaders conquerred the Celts and drove them to the west ( Wales, Cornwall ). The larger part of the country was occupied by the Angles, after whom the country was called England.

11. The Anglo-Saxon Period (the middle of the 5th century – 1066) From the 8th century the Anglo-Saxons faced the Scandinvian invaders – the Danes and the Northmen, sometimes referred to as Vikings. The Scandinavian invasions continued till the 11th century. The Danish King Cnut conquerred the whole England. Then for 24 years England was ruled by Edward the Confessor. He died in 1066, left no heirs. William, Duke of Normandy claimed that he had been nominated by Edward as successor. This period meant transition from a tribal to a feudal society.

12. The Vikings Vikings preferred male grooming to pillaging. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopi cs/howaboutthat/3256539/Vikings- preferred-male-grooming-to-pillaging.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopi cs/howaboutthat/3256539/Vikings- preferred-male-grooming-to-pillaging.html (accessed Aug 01, 2013).

13. The Period of Feudalism ( 1066 – 15th century ) In this period the modern English nation and language came into being. It was a period of struggle for power between kings and powerful nobles. In 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England and defeated the Saxon king Harold at the battle of Hastings. He was proclaimed King of England and became known as William the Conqueror. The Normans brought feudalism and the French language to the country. Important events: The murder of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1170, Magna Carta in 1215 limited the absolute power of the king, the first House of Commons in 1265. 14-15th centuries- the decline of feudalism. Henry Tudoe founded a new monarchy. The end of medieval England was pictured in the work of the first great poet, author of the famous Canterbury Tales, Geoffre Chaucer.

14. William, the Duke of Normandy How To Pass A Shit Test Like William the Conqueror. http://www.returnofkings.com/25926/how- to-pass-a-shit-test-like-william-the (accessed Aug 01, 2013).www.returnofkings.com/25926/how- to-pass-a-shit-test-like-william-the

15. The Tudor Period (1485 – 1603) This period is characterized as a turning point in English history. The country became one of the leading world powers. There were some factors that contributed to the rise of England: - The great geographical discoveries - (America, a sea route to India) - the progressive character of its socio-economic and political system ( the decline of feudalism, the rise of capitalism, the development of industry and trade, the Reformation )

16. Henry VIII. Henry VIII of England. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England (accessed Aug 01, 2013). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England

17. The Stuarts and the English Revolution (1603- 1688) The beginning of the 17th century can be characterized as a period of growing conflict between the King and Parliament. This conflict led to the Civil War, which resulted in the abolition of the monarchy and in the Cromwell´s military rule. In 1660 the monarchy was restored,there was a search for a compromise between the bourgeoisie and the monarchy. This compromise was reached as a result of the Glorious Revolution, which marked the end of the English bourgeois revolution.

18. The Stuarts Stuart timeline. http://www.colchestertreasurehunting.co.uk/stuart.html (accessed Aug 01, 2013).www.colchestertreasurehunting.co.uk/stuart.html

19. Bibliography ODEHNALOVÁ, J. Reading about the English Speaking Countries. Práh- Martin Vopěnka. ISBN 80 90127800. SHEERIN, S. Spotlight on Britain. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990. ISBN 0194327884. VESELÝ, K. The English Speaking Countries. SPN, 1983.

20. The End of Part One Thank You for Your Attention. Mgr. Jana Kondeková jana.kondekova@oa-poruba.cz