1. Stability in Decisive Action
LTC Judah Whitney

2. Purpose
To foster an understanding of the doctrinal concepts discussed in FM 3-07(6 OCT 2008) Stability Operations

3. Agenda Definition Stability Ops in Major Operations How?
Essential Stability Task Matrix
Establish Civil Security
Establish Civil Control
Restore Essential Services
Support to Governance
Support to Economic/Infrastructure Development
Inform & Influence Activities
Key Take Aways
Conclusion

4. References ADP 3-0, Unified Land Operations, Oct 2011
FM 3-07, Stability Operations, Oct 2008
JP 3-0, Joint Operations, Aug 2011
JP 3-07, Stability Operations, Sep 2011

5. What does this mean to you?
Definition
An overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted
in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment, provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief.
What does this mean to you?

6. Stability Operations in a Major Operation
On 20 December 1989, the US committed forces in Panama to protect US citizens, secure the Panama Canal, support democracy for the people of Panama, and apprehend Manuel Noriega
Widespread looting and general lawlessness reduced Panama to a state of anarchy
Task force units had to quickly bring some order to both the cities and the countryside
Providing medical care and emergency food and water to supporting the training of local police was required
President George Bush sent in 2,000 additional troops to support the 22,500 already there in conducting stability operations
200 civil affairs and 250 psychological operations personnel bolstered the newly installed Panamanian government
The situation became more stable and the democratic process began to take hold, Operation JUST CAUSE ended on 31 January 1990
SOURCE: Joint Military Operations Historical Collection

7. Weight of Effort ADRP 3-0 (FD), SEP 11
Decisive Action—the continuous, simultaneous combinations of offensive, defensive, and stability or defense support of civil authorities tasks.
ADRP 3-0 (FD), SEP 11

8. HOW?
Initiative
Sudden appearance of military forces typically produces a combination of shock and relief among the local populace
Dictating the terms of action and driving positive change in the environment improve the security situation and create opportunities for civilian agencies to contribute
Failing to act quickly may create a breeding ground for dissent and possible recruiting opportunities for enemies or adversaries
Bosnia deployment example – how we encouraged our Soldiers to empathize with Bosnian Civilians by trying to understand the

9. Lethal and Nonlethal Actions
HOW?
Lethal actions can have far reaching and strategic effects.
Lethal and Nonlethal Actions
Lethal
Often critical to overcoming violent opposition, yet enduring success is generally achieved through nonlethal activities
Nonlethal
Require greater emphasis
Nonlethal actions expand the options available to commanders to achieve their objectives
Nonlethal actions range from constructive activities focused on building institutional capacity and social well-being to coercive activities intended to compel certain behaviors

10. HOW? Linking Military and Civilian Efforts
An integrated approach is necessary to achieve true unity of effort
A comprehensive approach to stability operations is attained through close, continuous coordination and cooperation among the actors
Reduces internal discord, inadequate structures and procedures, incompatible or underdeveloped communications infrastructure, cultural differences, and bureaucratic and personnel limitations
Who is spearheading these efforts?

11. The Essential Stability
Task Matrix
The essential stability task matrix facilitates coordination
Provides a means of integrating activities by various actors at the tactical level
Helps attain unity of effort across the stability sectors
Focuses all activities towards a common set of objectives and a shared understanding of the desired end state

12. The Essential Stability
Task Matrix
FM 3-07, OCT 08

13. Establish Civil Security
Efforts in the security sector focus on establishing a stable security environment and developing legitimate institutions and infrastructure to maintain that environment
In the most pressing conditions, expeditionary forces assume responsibility for all efforts in the security sector. This is part of Establishing Civil Security
For the results of these efforts to be lasting, HOST-NATION FORCES
acting on behalf of the host nation and its people — MUST PROVIDE SECURITY
What methods can we use to stimulate HN security force involvement?

14. Establish Civil Control
How are we planning for restoring ROL and governance?
Establishing civil control is an initial step toward instituting rule of law and stable, effective governance
Civil control centers on justice reform and the rule of law, supported by efforts to rebuild the host-nation judiciary, police, and corrections systems.
Building host-nation capacity for civil control is paramount to establishing the foundation for lasting civil order.
Community-oriented police services under civilian control
Clearly separate and distinct roles of the police and military
Planning Assumptions?

15. Restore Essential Services
(1 of 2)
Military forces support efforts to establish or restore the most basic civil services to sustain the population until local civil services are restored: the essential food, water, shelter, and medical support
Military forces generally center their efforts on the initial response tasks that provide for the immediate needs of the populace
Other civilian agencies and organizations focus on broader humanitarian issues and social well-being
What types of additional forces will be required to restore essential services?

16. Restore Essential Services
(2 of 2)
What types of additional forces will be required to restore essential services?
Non-Military
Intergovernmental Organization
Non-Governmental Organization
Provincial Reconstruction Team
Host Nation Government
Intel Agencies
Local National Contract Transp.
Military
Special Operations Forces
Engineer
Health Services Support
Civil Affairs
Military Police
Security Forces
Intelligence

17. Support to Governance
Governance is the process, systems, institutions, and actors that enable a state to function; effective, legitimate governance ensures that these are transparent, accountable, and involve public participation
Military support to governance focuses on restoring public administration and resuming public services
Military efforts enable the host nation to develop an open political process, a free press, a functioning civil society, and legitimate legal and constitutional frameworks
What capabilities exist within your organization to assess and re-establish governance?

18. Support to Economic and Infrastructure Development
The economic viability of a state is among the first elements of society to exhibit stress and ultimately fracture as conflict, disaster, and internal strife overwhelms the government
Infrastructure development complements and reinforces efforts to stabilize the economy. Physical aspects of infrastructure include:
Transportation, such as roads, railways, airports, ports, and waterways.
Telecommunications
Energy, such as natural resources, the electrical power sector, and energy production and distribution
Municipal and other public services
How is your organization structured, manned and equipped to support Economic/Infrastructure development?

19. Inform Influence Activities (IIA) Engagement
Engagement tasks are fundamental to each stability sector; information engagement integration is vital to success
Exploiting or ceding the initiative within the information domain is often a matter of precise timing and coordination
Information engagement is essential to achieving decisive results: the recovery of the host-nation government and the attainment of a lasting, stable peace
How have we integrated IIA into Stability Operations?
FM 3-07, OCT 08

20. IIA Throughout Stability
Phase 0
Shape Ops
Phase 1
Deter
Phase 3
Dominate
Phase 4
Stabilize
Phase 2
Seize the Initiative
Phase 5
Enable Civil Authority
Influence
Inform

21. Key Takeaways
Military missions must be coordinated and integrated with other instruments of national power in order to succeed in Stability Operations
Success in Stability Operations hinges on seizing the initiative and dictating the terms of action
A comprehensive approach to stability operations is attained through close, continuous coordination and cooperation amongst all involved actors
The Essential Stability Matrix facilitates coordination, integrates all activities, supports unity of effort, and focuses all activities towards a common understanding of the desired end state

22. Comments