1. Augsburg 1530 to Augsburg 1555 Politics and Reform

2. Important People: Popes Popes: Leo X (1513-1521) Adrian VI (Jan 1522-Sep 1523) Clement VII (1523-1534) Paul III (1534-1549) Julius III (1550-1555) Clement VII

3. Important People:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1519-1556) What were the difficulties that made it impossible for Charles to stamp out the Reformation? – War with France: “Italian Wars” Capture of Francis I 1525 – Relationship with papacy 1527 Sack of Rome Pope’s refusal to call a council – War with Turks Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520- 1566) – 1529, 1532 sieges of Vienna – Lack of support from princes of the Empire Even Catholic princes refused support (textbook 224-225)

5. Diets and Recesses Diet of Worms 1519 – Luther placed under imperial ban Refusal to recant Demand for national council Diet of Speyer, 1526 – Francis I and pope form alliance – Turks invade Hungary – Charles opposes assembly – Inconclusive result gave breathing space to Reformation Temporary suspension of Edict of Worms Sources 8.2-8.4 Diet of Speyer, 1529 – Reinstatement of Edict of Worms – “Protestatio” (What were the Protestants protesting in 1529?) – Sources 8.5-8.7 Archduke Ferdinand of Austria

6. Diet of Augsburg Was Charles V working in good faith to achieve a reconciliation at the Diet of Augsburg? How do you view his actions? – Source 8.8: Cardinal Campeggio’s Instructions – Source 8.10: Eck’s “404 Articles” – Source 8.13 Cardinal Campeggo’s Response To what extent is there agreement, and to what extent difference of opinion, between the Augsburg Confession and the Confutatio? – Sources 8.12, 8.14

7. War and (Provisional) Peace Schmalkaldic League 1531 – Electoral Saxony: John the Constant (1525-1532), John Frederick I (1532-1547) – Hesse: Philip of Hesse (1519-1567) – Ulrich of Wurttemberg “Judas of Meissen” – Trace the developments in Luther's stance regarding the use of force to defend one's faith. (Sources 8.16- 8.19) Schmalkaldic War 1546 – Emperor’s defeat of league at Battle of Muhlberg 1547 Augsburg Interim – Some toleration of married clergy, communion – Widely unpopular (Source 8.20) Peace of Augsburg 1555 – Source 8.21

8. Charles’ End Why did the Emperor resign? What is your view of him as a ruler and as a person of conscience at the end of his life? – Source 8.22 Evaluate the Peace of Augsburg as a solution. What does it resolve? What does it leave unresolved?