1. The New Mass Culture Part II Objectives… Summarize how movies & other vehicles of mass culture created a new national community. Describe how the new media of communication reshaped American culture in the 1920s.

2. Currently… What are the media sources influencing modern American culture? How?

3. #7-11) Describe how each of the following elements of mass media redefines the norms of American

4. Social norms… A belief or value that is common to members of a particular culture. Social norms are often referred to as “the way we do things around here” and are the standards for appropriate social behaviors. The established norms within a society maybe reflected in dress, language and social habits culture.

5. The Roaring 20s Movies, radio, journalism, recordings, advertising & celebrities created a new national community.

6. The movie industry… Reorganizes in Hollywood… Large studios: -Paramount; Fox; MGM; Universal; Warner Brothers The three functions of the studio system… Production, distribution & exhibition Wall Street investment is required to fund big movie projects

7. The movie industry… New themes for movies… - Consumer culture, youthfulness, athleticism - Types… - Musicals; Gangster films; Westerns; Comedies; Travelogues

8. The “TALKIES” end the silent era in 1927 The Jazz Singer starring Al Jolson...The first film in which people speak to the audience.

9. Greta Garbo – Flesh and the Devil (1927) Douglas Fairbanks The Mark of Zorro Mary Pickford “America’s Sweet Heart” http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=FtrUdqvOBVY http://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=FtrUdqvOBVY Clara Bow http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=zAxLbXTZdnU http://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=zAxLbXTZdnU

10. Charlie Chaplin “The Little Tramp” http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=xoKbDNY0Zwg http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=xoKbDNY0Zwg Rudolph Valentino The Sheik

11. Many Americans, particularly in rural areas and small towns, worried about Hollywood's impact on…. The potential decay of sexual morality in our culture

12. 7) Summarize how motion pictures redefined the norms of American society Influences dress, hair styles & language Liberal social themes in movies change traditional values Movies advocate “a consumption oriented society”... A society in which people always seek the latest and greatest consumer goods. “Gotta have it” or my life is not complete.

13. Radio Broadcasting In the early 1920s, radio was used to promote newspapers by reading news from the papers on the air.

14. Radio Broadcasting Who paid for radio programs at first and how did it change?... What was America listening to on the radio?

15. Households with Radios 1920-30 1920s... 1920…. 20,00 1922…. 60,000 1924…. 1,250,000 1926…. 4,500,000 1928… 8,000,000 1930….13,750,000 1930... 600 stations 40% of America with a radio KDKA in Pittsburgh, PA was the first radio station. “The wireless”

16. What conclusions can you draw about the radio?

17. The giants of radio broadcasting… General Electric (GE) Westinghouse Radio Corp of America (RCA) American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) National Broadcast Comp. (NBC) Columbia Broadcast Comp. (CBS) Radio’s first national hit…

18. 8) Summarize how commercial radio broadcasting redefined the norms of American society Provides a link to the outside world Creates a national consumer culture Makes sports popular... Baseball & college football Popularizes...Country western, blues & jazz

19. New Forms of Journalism Tabloid Newspapers… New York Daily News LA Daily News Denver Rocky Mountain News The differences between tabloids & other newspapers?… -Tabloid topics… Sensationalized news... scandal, sports & sex -Tabloid readers…Poorly educated, working class, city dwellers, commuters & immigrants

20. Sensationalism in tabloid journalism: The Ruth Snyder execution in... A Long Island housewife, convinced her lover that her husband was abusing her. The pair murdered him and their trial was a media frenzy. They were quickly found guilty and executed. A photographer from the NY Daily News, had a camera strapped to her ankle, and took picture of her at the moment of death. The paper sold 250,000 extra copies.

21. 4) Summarize how tabloid journalism redefined the norms of American society Influences the national consumer culture Sensational news reporting

22. Advertising in the 1920s Related to the efforts of the CPI in WW I... The success of the WW I CPI brings new advertising techniques... The focus “Needs, desires and anxieties” Appeals to… “Nature, medical authority, personal freedom, vanity, physical & emotional wellbeing” 1.4 billion in 1919... 3 billion 1929

23. Jan, 1923 - McClure's Magazine Script: NEW Kissproof the waterproof rouge...in a startling jade green case. New! Different! Exquisitely modern! Daintily thin! Never before has a Compact Rouge been offered in such a strikingly original case! Luxurious gold and brilliant jade green! An Exclusive Compact Rouge for Particular Women--yet costs but 50c! And its genuine Kissproof!

24. Jan, 1923 - McClure's Magazine Script: “The Supreme Achievement in Electric Washing Machines” What consumer goods are now being mass produced?... The auto, radios, washing machines, electric razors fans, vacuum cleaners phonographs and refrigerators.

26. Advertising Modern The focus “Needs, desires and anxieties” 1922: 100K in sales... 1927: 4 million in sales

28. 10) Summarize how advertising redefined the norms of American society. CONSUMPTION!...Materialistic desire Creates a national consumer culture

29. The Phonograph & Record Industry The most popular types of music in the 1920s… http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=2iqqAIZpp2c

30. The Phonograph & Record Industry Records transform popular culture 1921: 100 million in record sales

31. Louis Armstrong 1901-1971 “Satchmo” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2VCwBzGdPM

32. 11) Summarize how the record industry redefined the norms of American society. Dances crazes... Fox Trot, Tango, Grizzly Bear, Charleston, Black Bottom Creates a common understanding of popular music Music has a role in social interaction

33. Sports Heroes & Celebrities Objective… Summarize the significance of sport & celebrity in the 1920s?

34. Babe Ruth “The Sultan of Swat” 1927- 60 HRs Who was George Herman Ruth and how did he affect the game of baseball?

35. The Negro Leagues The NL played 11 World Series Biggest black sports attraction in the US

36. Josh Gibson Led NL in HRs for 10 years 75 HRs in 1931 585 ft. HR at Yankee Stadium Elected to MLB Hall of Fame in 1972 Satchel Paige Pitcher 1926-1950 1971 Hall of Fame Age 59, pitched 3 innings for the A's -oldest man to pitch in MLB

37. Charles Lindbergh 1927 -The Spirit of St. Louis lands in Paris 1920 - First to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean NY to Paris in 33 ½ hours A magnetic compass & air speed indicator to guide 100,000 greet him in Paris

38. Amelila Earhart 1928 1 st woman passenger to cross Atlantic -20 hrs. 40 min. 1932 solo flight across Atlantic 1937 disappears trying to fly around world

39. Gertrude Ederle In 1926, at the age of 19, Ederle swam 35 miles across in the English channel in 14 hrs 39 min. "People said women couldn't swim the Channel, but I proved they could" -- Ederle

40. Boxing: Jack Dempsey Heavyweight Champ 1919-1926 Tennis: Bill Tilden “Battling Bill”

41. Golf: Bobby Jones Considered the greatest amateur golfer of modern times. Red Grange “The Galloping Ghost” 1924 - Illinois v. Michigan… - First 5 carries & 5 TDs - First sports figure with manager

42. Johnny Weissmuller "Greatest Aquatic Star ever produced in America" 1924-28 Olympic Swimmer & Water Polo Player 5 gold medals 1 bronze (Polo) 1932-1938 he stars in 12 Tarzan films

43. Summarize how the celebrities of the 1920s helped redefine the norms of American society. Modeling youthful athleticism People became loyal spectators... Team identity Role models outside of the sports arena... Rich, famous, glamorous

44. Answer the following.... Whether shopping, watching the movies, listening to radio or reading a newspaper, consumers in the 1920s were exposed to more things that: A) Reflected local or regional qualities. B) Set them apart from the new immigrants. C) Were produced for a national market. D) Challenged them intellectually. Collaboratively write a Twenty Five Word Summary for the past section

45. - Identify the characteristics of a flapper. - Explain how the image of the flapper embodied the changing values and attitudes of young women in the 1920s. Objective….

46. A New Morality Read pages 687-688... A New Morality 14) In what way was she (Flapper) a continuation from an earlier period and in what way was she new? 15) What sources were responsible for a more open treatment of sexuality in the 1920s? 16) What do sociological surveys from the time suggest?

47. Women at the turn of the century Women in the 1920s

48. Flappers: What are the social and fashion characteristics that define a flapper.

49. Flappers 1920 Hair styles

50. January, 1923 How is the style of the 1920s reflected in this magazine cover?

51. A New Morality 13) What was the image of the flapper and what was she in reality? What promoted the image of the flapper? What was the double standard applied to women?

52. Anti-Flapper Laws Utah - Fine or imprisonment for wearing skirts higher than 3”above the ankle Virginia - Woman can’t wear shirts or evening gowns displaying more than 3” of throat Ohio - No neckline more than 2” in depth & no garment composed of any transparent material to be sold

53. Women being arrested in 1922 for wearing revealing bathing suits…

54. The uniqueness of the flapper was that certain already existing cultural elements became normal for: A) Big city, upper class, women B) Minority women C) White middle–class women D) Small isolated rural areas E) White, poor, rural women