2. Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901 Section 1 “The Rise of Industry”

3. Causes of Rapid Industrialization 1.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s. 2.The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:  First big business in the US.  A magnet for financial investment.  The key to opening the West.  Aided the development of other industries. 1.Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s. 2.The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:  First big business in the US.  A magnet for financial investment.  The key to opening the West.  Aided the development of other industries.

4. Causes of Rapid Industrialization 3.Technological innovations.  Bessemer and open hearth process  Refrigerated cars  Edison o “Wizard of Menlo Park” o light bulb, phonograph, motion pictures. 3.Technological innovations.  Bessemer and open hearth process  Refrigerated cars  Edison o “Wizard of Menlo Park” o light bulb, phonograph, motion pictures.

5. 4.Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. 5.Abundant capital. 6.New, talented group of businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors. 7.Market growing as US population increased. 8.Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth. 9.Abundant natural resources. 4.Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance. 5.Abundant capital. 6.New, talented group of businessmen [entrepreneurs] and advisors. 7.Market growing as US population increased. 8.Government willing to help at all levels to stimulate economic growth. 9.Abundant natural resources. Causes of Rapid Industrialization

6. New Business Culture 1.Laissez Faire  the ideology of the Industrial Age.  Individual as a moral and economic ideal.  Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.  The market was not man-made or invented.  No room for government in the market!  Individual as a moral and economic ideal.  Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.  The market was not man-made or invented.  No room for government in the market!

7. Thomas Alva Edison “Wizard of Menlo Park”

9. The Light Bulb

10. The Phonograph (1877)

11. The Ediphone or Dictaphone

12. The Motion Picture Camera

14. Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

15. Alternate Current George Westinghouse

16. Alternate Current Westinghouse Lamp ad

17. The Airplane Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

18. Model T Automobile Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product! Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

19. U. S. Patents Granted 1790s  276 patents issued. 1990s  1,119,220 patents issued.

20. Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901 Section 2 “The Railroads”

21. May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah “The Wedding of the Rails” Central Pacific and Union Pacific May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah “The Wedding of the Rails” Central Pacific and Union Pacific

22. Promontory, Utah

23. “The Big Four” Railroad Magnates Charles Crocker Mark Hopkins Leland Stanford Collis Huntington Financed the Central Pacific Hired Chinese men to do the labor They had to cut through the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Financed the Central Pacific Hired Chinese men to do the labor They had to cut through the Sierra Nevada mountain range.

24. Nationwide Rail Network Effects Development of time zones Sped long-distance transportation Longer and heavier trains used Rate per mile declined united America’s regions Promoted a national market

25. Ways Railroads Were Financed Land grants Private investment Gifts of public lands to R.R. Money generated from running the railroads

26. Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901 Section 3 “Big Business”

27. New Business Culture: “The American Dream?” 3.Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic”  Horatio Alger [100+ novels] 3.Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic”  Horatio Alger [100+ novels] Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??

29. New Type of Business Entities 1.Pool 1887  Interstate Commerce Act  Interstate Commerce Commission created. 2.Trust  John D. Rockefeller 1.Pool 1887  Interstate Commerce Act  Interstate Commerce Commission created. 2.Trust  John D. Rockefeller  Standard Oil Co.

30. Standard Oil Co.

31. New Type of Business Entities 2.Trust:  Horizontal Integration  John D. Rockefeller 2.Trust:  Horizontal Integration  John D. Rockefeller  Vertical Integration: o Gustavus Swift  Meat-packing o Andrew Carnegie  U. S. Steel  Vertical Integration: o Gustavus Swift  Meat-packing o Andrew Carnegie  U. S. Steel

32. Iron & Steel Production

33. New Type of Business Entities

34. U. S. Corporate Mergers

35. New Financial Businessman The Broker:  J. Pierpont Morgan The Broker:  J. Pierpont Morgan

36. Wall Street – 1867 & 1900

37. The Reorganization of Work Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911) Frederick W. Taylor The Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

38. The Reorganization of Work The Assembly Line

39. % of Billionaires in 1900

40. % of Billionaires in 1918

41. The Protectors of Our Industries

42. The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate

43. The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past

44. Cornelius [“Commodore”] Vanderbilt Can’t I do what I want with my money?

45. William Vanderbilt $ The public be damned! $ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power? $ The public be damned! $ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?

46. Regulating the Trusts 1877  Munn. v. IL 1886  Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL 1890  Sherman Antitrust Act  in “restraint of trade”  “rule of reason” loophole 1895  US v. E. C. Knight Co. 1877  Munn. v. IL 1886  Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL 1890  Sherman Antitrust Act  in “restraint of trade”  “rule of reason” loophole 1895  US v. E. C. Knight Co.

47. Relative Share of World Manufacturing

48. Modern ‘Robber Barons’??

49. Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901 Section 4 “Unions”

50. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

51. The Molly Maguires (1875) James McParland

52. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents

53. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor  “scabs”  P. R. campaign  Pinkertons  lockout  blacklisting  yellow-dog contracts  court injunctions  open shop  boycotts  sympathy demonstrations  informational picketing  closed shops  organized strikes  “wildcat” strikes

54. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

55. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

56. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

57. Goals of the Knights of Labor ù Eight-hour workday. ù Workers’ cooperatives. ù Worker-owned factories. ù Abolition of child and prison labor. ù Increased circulation of greenbacks. ù Equal pay for men and women. ù Safety codes in the workplace. ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor. ù Abolition of the National Bank.

58. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

60. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

61. Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

62. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

63. Haymarket Martyrs