1. Ecology Why are the cycles important?
How do organisms interact with each other?
How can we show trends in populations over time?
Ecology

2. What does it mean when we talk about the ecosystem? What is Ecology?

3. Ecology The study of interactions between organisms
Recall the levels of organization:
Organism
Species
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Biosphere

4. Energy Flow Starts at sun
Some make food from chemicals, not sun = chemosynthesis

5. Producers- produce their own sugar, gain energy from sun

6. Consumers- consume other things to get their energy

7. What about mushrooms on a fallen tree
What about mushrooms on a fallen tree? How are dead deer on the side of the road broken down naturally?

8. Detritivores = feed on dead matter

9. Decomposers = break down organic matter

11. Food Chain One organism passing energy to the next, and so on
Straight line
Arrow = the way energy is moving

12. http://www. dist102. k12. il. us/resources/Science%20Kids/food-chain

13. Food Webs Many organisms giving and receiving energy
Arrows = energy movement

15. Trophic Level
each step in a food chain or food web

17. Ecological Pyramids
Shows the amount of energy or matter in each trophic level of chain or web
3 types
Energy- only 10% of energy is transferred to next level
Biomass-mass of all the organisms in that level
Numbers- how many organisms in that level

19. Biomass Pyramid

20. Numbers Pyramid

21. Water Cycle Water moving through environments
Transpiration- from trees to clouds
Evaporation- from body of water to clouds
Precipitation- from clouds to ground
Condensation- making clouds
Run-off- doesn’t soak into soil
Ground water- rivers underground

23. Carbon Cycle Carbon moving through environments
Decomposition- decaying organisms
Oil, coal, and fuels come from compressed decayed organisms

25. Nitrogen Cycle Nitrogen moving through environment
Plants need nitrogen to make food

27. Phosphorous Cycle Moving phosphorous through the environment
Needed to make DNA and RNA
Mostly in rock, minerals, and land

29. Niche
Place an organism holds in an ecosystem, includes what it eats, when it eats, how it mates, how it gets food, and interaction with other organisms
Species has evolved to fit that niche PERFECTLY

31. http://www. fieldstonealliance

32. Habitat
Where a species lives, where it can be found

33. Competitive Exclusion Principle
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

34. Competition
Organisms or species fighting over resources

35. Resource
Anything necessary to life: water, sunlight, food, shelter, etc.

36. Predation Predator feeds on prey

37. Symbiosis Relationship in which two species live closely together

38. Mutualism Both benefit

39. Commensalism One benefits, other is not helped harmed

40. Parasitism One benefits, other is harmed

41. Primary Succession No soil exists, first organism to come along
Happens with volcanoes and rock exposed from glaciers melting

42. http://farm3. static. flickr. com/2254/1937932386_03c78fa3e0. jpg

43. Secondary Succession
Soil exists, something was once there, cleared by natural disaster

44. Major Biomes Taiga Estuaries Chaparral Shrublands Tropical Dry Forest
Tundra
Deciduous Forest
Desert
Tropical Rain Forest
Estuaries
Shrublands
Grassland
Coral Reef
Tropical Savanna
Ocean

45. Tropical Rain Forest

46. Tropical Dry Forest

47. Tropical Savanna

48. Desert

49. Grasslands

50. Shrublands

51. Deciduous Forest

52. Taiga

53. Tundra

54. Limiting Nutrient Nutrient in short supply, will run out first
Greatly affects all organisms in the ecosystem