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Chapter 23: Fungi Fungus Diversity
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Identify what fungi are. Describe habitats of fungi. Outline the structure of fungi. Describe fungi reproduction. Summarize the evolution of fungi. Give an overview of fungi classification. You should be able to:
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What is a Fungus? Not a plant!!! – Heterotroph - No chlorophyll therefore a – Saprobe – feeds on dead or decaying matter Eat by absorbing nutrients (decomposer) – extracellular digestion, - Use hyphae for digestion that takes place outside of the body. –Enzymes that break down nutrients then it is absorbed. (plants do not absorb nutrients)
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Nutrition (Gets its food: )
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Symbiosis - Two organisms live in association together –Types of Symbiosis Mutualism Parasitism commensalism
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Parasitic Fungus
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- Parasite - live off of living organism Ex. athletes foot - extracellular digestion
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What it looks like under skin.
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Ringworm
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Mutualistic Fungus Lichens and Mycorrizae
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Lichens - mutualism between a fungus and an algae - fungus- moisture, algae- food - Pioneer- one of first organisms to move into an area environmentally sensitive
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Mutualism: Lichen
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Mycorrhizae - mutual relationship between plant roots and fungi (90%) - increase absorption ability of roots fungus benefit - nutrients and water
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Structure of Fungus Cell wall made out of Chitin Hyphae - reproductive filaments Mycelium - visible mass of hyphae Ex.Mushroom
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- - Hyphae and a mycelium
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Reproduction of Fungus Asexual –Fragmentation,budding, –Produce spores
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Spores
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- Sporangium - structure producing spores - sexual reproduction - 3 types - basis of classification
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Adaptations - spores- resistant - spores carried everywhere - huge numbers- puffball= trillion spores - warm, moist conditions
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Zygote Fungus Phylum – Zygomygota Example: Bread Mold Spores are made by both asexual and sexual repro. Sexual Reproductive structure: – Sporangium Distinct structures of: – Rhizoids – hyphae that anchor the fungus – Stolon – mycelia that grow along the surface
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Note Rhizoids and Stolons:
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You are looking at sporangia – contains spores
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Sac Fungi - Ascomycota - colorful molds, dutch elm disease, apple scab, morels, truffles, yeast, and cup fungi
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- Ascus – reproductive structure in sac fungus - spore producing sac - sexual reproduction
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Club Fungi- Basidiomycota - mushrooms, puffballs, brackets, rusts and smuts, toadstools
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- Basidia - spore producing structures - gills, cap, stipe - only sexual reproduction
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Imperfect Fungi Asexual reproduction only Examples: Penicillium – Aspergillus – used to make soy sauce and citric acid –Thrush – fungal infection of mouth
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Importance of Fungi 1. Decomposers - recycle dead materials along with bacteria 2. Penicillin – antibiotic 3. rich in vitamin C 4. Food source- 5. Pest control – create competition, parasite to insects that eat crops
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