1. E COLOGY Biological Communities and Interactions

2. E COLOGY : THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN LIVING THINGS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT. Terms to Know: Biotic – all living organisms Abiotic – all non-living things (air, water, light, rocks, soil,…) (a - means without; bio - means life)

3. B IOTIC

4. A BIOTIC

8. O RGANIZATION OF L IVING T HINGS (B IOTIC ) Species – group of organisms able to Interbreed, under natural conditions, and produce fertile offspring. A liger (cross btwn. A tiger and lion in a zoo is not natural condition. A donkey bred with a horse makes a Mule –which is sterile. Fertile : can reproduce Sterile : cannot reproduce

10. O RGANIZATION OF L IVING T HINGS (B IOTIC ) CONTINUED … Population – group of 1 species living in the same place at the same time. Community – several populations that interact with each other. Ecosystem – all of the populations in the community and the environment (abiotic). Can be Aquatic – in water Or Terrestrial – on land

11. O RGANIZATION OF L IVING T HINGS (B IOTIC ) C ONTINUED … Biosphere : The layer of the earth where life exists (includes the soil and into the atmosphere) Other Ecology Terms to Know: Habitat : where an organism lives Niche : what an organism does to survive/it’s job in the ecosystem.

12. Species (Organism) Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

13. S PECIES I NTERACTIONS SYMBIOSIS – A close relationship btwn 2 species in which one or both depend on the other. TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Competition Predator-Prey

14. MUTUALISM - both species benefit.

15. MUTUALISM – C LOWN FISH AND ANEMONE

16. MUTUALISM C LOWN FISH AND ANEMONE

17. MUTUALISM – ANTS AND ACACIA TREE

18. MUTUALISM – FLOWER AND BEE

19. MUTUALISM – CROCODILE AND BIRD

20. MUTUALISM – SHRIMP AND EEL

21. MUTUALISM – RAY AND REMORA

22. MUTUALISM – R EMORA ’ S H EAD

23. COMMENSALISM – ONE SPECIES BENEFITS, THE OTHER IS NOT AFFECTED. Spanish moss on an oak tree.

24. COMMENSALISM – BIRDS AND T REES

25. PARASITISM – O NE SPECIES BENEFITS, THE OTHER SPECIES IS HARMED. T ICK SUCKS BLOOD OF ANIMALS

26. PARASITISM – H OOK W ORM

27. PARASITISM - H OOK WORM IN A FOOT

28. PARASITISM- M ISTLETOE

29. M ISTLETOE

30. COMPETITION – ORGANISMS WHO NEED THE SAME RESOURCES ( FOOD, HABITAT, MATES,…)

31. o Competing Kangaroos

32. P REDATOR – P REY – ORGANISM KILLS ANOTHER FOR FOOD.

33. Predator-Prey