1. Large Wind Turbines Technology Lee Jay Fingersh BLM WEATS August 31, 2010

2. Courtesy: Alternative Energy Institute Wind Turbine Components

3. Power curves

4. Constant versus Variable speed Constant speed is cheaper Constant speed is easier to implement Variable speed can collect more energy Variable speed can control loads better

5. Alternative train designs

6. Single stage design

7. Direct drive design

8. Courtesy: Alternative Energy Institute HAWT and VAWT

9. Courtesy: Alternative Energy Institute Downwind & Upwind Turbines

10. Tower type Considerations: –Maintenance –Tower Shadow –Transportation Lattice (2 MW) Tubular (600 kW)

11. Number of blades Odd number is better for mechanical dynamics and aesthetics Three blades –Most common Two blades –Must spin faster for the same energy –Faster = more noise –Save the cost of one blade (significant) One blade –Same concerns and benefits as with two blades –Also require a counterweight http://www.windpower.org/en/tour/design/concepts.htm

12. Effect of forecasting on storage

13. “Battery and H 2 ” and “H 2 only” systems

14. System designed for hydrogen production

15. Storage conclusions It is possible to “firm up” wind power for a roughly 10% increase in COE. –Using batteries is cost effective –Using hydrogen systems alone is not cost effective because the closed-cycle efficiency is too low –Hydrogen production can be simultaneously accomplished and is cost effective –Hydrogen production alone is less cost effective Control strategy and proper system sizing are very important With further investigation, it may be possible to do much better