1. Objectives: Indicator Statement:
Develop abilities to apply and analyze the design process. (ITEA, STL 11)
Objective(s):
Identify the design problem to solve and to decide whether to address it. (ITEA, STL 11-M)
Identify criteria and constraints and determine how these will affect the design process. (ITEA, STL 11-N)
Refine a design by using prototypes and modeling to ensure quality, efficiency, and productivity of the final product. (ITEA, STL 11-O)
Evaluate the design solution using conceptual, physical, and mathematical models at various intervals of the design process in order to check for proper design and to note areas where improvements are needed. (ITEA, STL 11-P)
Develop and produce a product or system using a design process. (ITEA, STL 11-Q)
Evaluate final solutions and communicate observations, processes, and results of the entire design process, using verbal, graphic, quantitative, virtual, and written means, in addition to three-dimensional models. (ITEA, STL 11-R)
Define the problem.
Brainstorm.
Research and generate ideas.
Identify criteria and specify constraints.
Explore possibilities.
Select an approach.
Develop a design proposal.
Make a model or prototype.
Test and evaluate the design.
Redesign.
Create or make it.
Communicate processes or results

2. The Big Picture…..
Engineering is the discipline, skill, and profession of applying scientific, mathematic, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order meet the needs and desires of people

3. What do you think?
What steps do you think were followed to create such an amazing innovation.
What impacts might this technological development have?
The Dragon is a free-flying, reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX under NASA's Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) program. The Dragon spacecraft is made up of a pressurized capsule and unpressurized trunk used for Earth to LEO transport of pressurized cargo, unpressurized cargo, and/or crew members.
Engagement

4. Time to find out…
You will be given a set of index cards with different steps of a problem solving process.
With a partner, organize the steps in the order that you feel an Engineer would go through to solve a problem.
Be prepared to defend your sequence of steps
Exploration

5. Time to find out… How did you do? What order did you put the steps?
When called – come to the front board and put the steps in the order that you think an Engineer would go through to solve a problem.
Defend your order.
Exploration

6. Time to find out… Define the problem. Brainstorm.
Research and generate ideas.
Identify criteria and specify constraints.
Explore possibilities.
Select an approach.
Develop a design proposal.
Make a model or prototype.
Test and evaluate the design.
Redesign.
Create or make it.
Communicate processes or results
Exploration

7. Did you know… How do you know if a problem really needs a solution?
The following are real solutions….
Pass the Butter
Explanation

8. Did you know…
A long ride home after a long day at work.
Explanation

9. Did you know…
Hot,hot, hot….
Allergies – pass the tissue..
Explanation

10. Did you know… Sauce Dispensing Chopsticks! Self-Locking Bendy Bike
Explanation

11. Did you know… Gum Packaging...With Built-In Garbage Car Swivel Chair
Explanation

12. Did you know… It's A Fast Trip Back Down
Children's Department? Just Up The Escalator, Through The Roof
Explanation

13. Did you know… Wasn't going to use the driveway anyway.
A View...Without A Room
Explanation

14. Did you know…
Design problems are not always presented in a clearly defined form.
There are many formal and informal problem-solving strategies.
There are established design principles that are used to evaluate existing designs, to collect data, and to guide the design process.
The Engineering-Design process is a step-by-step problem-solving strategy
It includes criteria and constraints
It can be used to create solutions to problems to satisfy human needs and wants.
Explanation

15. Did you know… Form a Question The Scientific Method is very important.
Gives us answers to the way the Universe works
It is linear in nature.
It has a starting point and ending point.
Once you report your results, you can then form a new question.
Research the Topic
Create a Hypothesis
Create a Conduct
Experiments
Analyze your Data
Draw Conclusions
Report your Results
Explanation

16. Did you know…
The Design Process is a circular process- it encourages changes and improvements.
Explanation

17. Did you know… Our Problem Solving Process Explanation
1 Define the problem
2 Brainstorm
3 Research and generate ideas
4 Identify criteria
5 Explore possibilities
6 Select an approach
7 Develop a design proposal
8 Make a model or prototype
9 Test and evaluate
10 Redesign
11 Create or make it
12 Communicate
Our Problem Solving Process
When you click on the hyperlink – it will take you to the Design Process Template. Explain to the students that the template has been create for the students to complete when designing.
Spend 5 minutes going over the template. Tell the students that they will be taking notes to complete sections on their own. Let the students know that as a class they will be completing each step and that any work not completed in class is homework that must be completed before the next class period.
Explanation

18. What problem are we solving?
Did you know…
Define the problem.
What is the problem that you are trying to solve?
Not all problems will be clearly defined.
 Problem Statement:            
The products that we buy in the store are packaged in many unique ways to insure that they arrive at the specified location without being damaged.   
Design Brief:            
Design and construct a package that will protect a raw egg from being damaged when dropped from a height.
The problem that the students should come up with is: Design a unique egg packaging system that is able to keep an egg from breaking when exposed to extreme impacts.
Remind the students that problems are not always clearly defined.
What problem are we solving?
Explanation

19. Did you know… 2. Brainstorming. Lets give this a try.
Create a list of ideas
Sketch simple concept pictures
Work towards quanity
Never criticize anyone’s idea
Use “Mind Mapping”
Egg Drop
Fly
Catch
Hold
Lets give this a try.
List possible ideas
Mind Map
Make at least three different sketches
Explanation

20. Did you know… 3. Research and generate ideas What have others done?
What do you need to know?
science, math concepts
Look on-line
As you look at what others have done – do you have any more ideas?
Cite your sources!
Google is not a source! It is a search engine.
Explanation

21. Did you know… 4. Identify criteria and specify constraints
Now that you know the Problem and some information, it is time to look at what the requirements are.
This will include:
People, Time, Materials, Tools, Cost and other factors
This is an individual project.
You will have three days to build your design.
You may use any found material.
The container must be 8” x 8” x 8”.
Hold a Large Egg (teacher supplied day of testing).
Must be able to touch the egg from each side.
The lightest design that keeps the egg from cracking will earn 100 points
If the egg cracks, you will earn 70 points max.
Drop from 3rd floor to Commons.
Explanation

22. Did you know… Now it is your turn. 5. Explore possibilities.
Review the Problem –
Review the ideas you came up with –
Review your research (that is why you did it)
Review the criteria –
Come up with at least 3 different ideas
These are sketches with annotations!
Now it is your turn.
Explanation

23. Did you know… 6. Select an approach- 1 2 3 Use a Decision Matrix.
This is a Table
Criteria along the top
Possible solutions along the left side
Use your ideas to complete this table.
Idea
Total 1 2 3
Explanation

24. Did you know… 1 2 3 Idea Total Analyze each idea based on the criteria
Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total 1 2 3
Analyze each idea based on the criteria
4 = meets it perfectly
3 = is close but not perfect
2 = just a little bit
1 = it is a stretch to say it comes close
0 = does not meet the criteria
YES = 1
NO = 0
Total up the results.
Explanation

25. Did you know…
Idea
Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total 1 4 3
Yes =1
Yes= 1 16 2
Yes = 1 15
No =0 13
Idea
Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total 1 4 3
Yes =1
Yes= 1 2
Yes = 1
No =0
Idea
Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total 1 2 3
Analyze each idea based on the criteria
4 = meets it perfectly
3 = is close but not perfect
2 = just a little bit
1 = it is a stretch to say it comes close
0 = does not meet the criteria
YES = 1
NO = 0
Total up the results.
This is a sample of how it should work
In the event of a tie – give weight to the “more important” criteria
Explanation

26. Did you know…
Idea
Size 8x8x8
Materials I can get
Holds Egg
Touch Egg from all sides
Keep Egg from cracking
Light weight
Total 1 4 3
Yes =1
Yes= 1 16 2
Yes = 1 15
No =0 13
Create an argument on why your design is the best solution to the problem or why it is not.
This argument must be based on logic, facts, and data.
A valid argument also provides the facts and data for the opposing argument.
Your argument must be well written and make use of the references from your research
Explanation

27. Did you know… 7. Develop a design proposal
You will need to create a Multi-view drawing of your best solution.
Make sure that you include dimensions and other important information.
Some solutions may be complex and need many drawings to build from.
What you design here is what you will build and ultimately test.
Explanation

28. 8. Make a model or prototype.
Did you know…
8. Make a model or prototype.
Once you have made your initial solution, take a picture of it.
Explanation

29. 9. Test and evaluate the design.
Did you know…
9. Test and evaluate the design.
You will need to create a test for your solution.
Some projects may be destroyed after testing, so you might want to come up with non-destructive tests.
Create a table to record your test results.
10. Redesign.
As you test your solution, you will make changes based on the results of the test.
Take pictures of these changes.
Explanation

30. 12. Communicate processes or results
Did you know…
11. Create or make it.
This is your final solution to the design.
Take a picture of the final solution.
Video you testing the final solution
12. Communicate processes or results
Explain what you did during this project
Imagine that you have 2 minutes to tell the class what you did and how you solved the problem.
Or explain why your solution did not solve the problem.
Explanation

31. Lets give it a try… Problem Statement:
The products that we buy in the store are packaged in many unique ways to insure that they arrive at the specified location without being damaged.   
Design Brief:            
Design and construct a package that will protect a raw egg from being damaged when dropped from a height.
Elaboration

32. Lets give it a try… This is an individual project.
You will have three days to build your design.
You may use any found material.
The container must be 8” x 8” x 8”.
Hold a Large Egg (teacher supplied day of testing).
Must be able to touch the egg from each side.
The lightest design that keeps the egg from cracking will earn 100 points.
If the egg cracks, you will earn 70 points max.
Drop from 3rd floor to Commons.
Part of this grade will be based on competition.
100 pts for the lightest solution that keeps the Egg from cracking
98 pts for the second, 96 for the third… and so on.
In the event of a tie – the mean score will be given
70 pts will be awarded for solutions that meet all of the criteria, but let the Egg crack or break.
Elaboration

33. How well did you do?
Evaluation