2. Personal Samplers Instructional Goal The participants will see the various methods used to collect personal samples and how that may impact them on the job.

3. Personal Sampling Systems D Active samplers D Passive samplers

4. Sampling Techniques D integrated samples are collected l when the sensitivity of an analytical method requires minimum sample periods or volumes, l when comparison must be made to ] an 8-hour, time-weighted average threshold limit value (TLV) ] an OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL).

5. Active Samplers Samplers mechanically collect samples on or into a selected medium. The medium is then analyzed in the laboratory to identify and quantify the contaminant(s) collected.

6. Active sampler system D Consists of the Following Components: l An electrically powered pump to move the contaminated air. l A sampler consisting of an appropriate sampling medium and a container designed for that medium. l Flexible, nonporous, inert tubing to link the sampler to the pump.

7. Passive Samplers D Advantages of passive samplers l is their simplicity l calibration and maintenance are reduced or eliminated D Disadvantage l If direct read, errors may occur in observer interpretations.

8. Diffusion Samplers D some can be read directly l example, colorimetric length-of-stain tubes D Others require laboratory analysis

9. Permeation Samplers D can identify a single contaminant within a mixture of airborne contaminants. l uses selective permeation of chemicals through a membrane l some are the direct reading type l others require laboratory analysis.

10. Personal Sampler Examples Radiation Dosimeters

11. Thermoluminescent Dosimeter D The TLD (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter) badges provide a permanent record of an individual's dose equivalent of beta, gamma, and x-ray radiation.

12. Direct-Reading Dosimeters D are pencil-type devices that allow personnel to read and evaluate their exposures between TLD readings. D the Chirpy, which is a device that emits "chirps" based on the strength of the radiation field

13. The Digital Dosimeter D a battery-powered direct-reading instrument with a digital read-out in mR

14. Personal Sampling Plan D must decide what to sample D workers move around on the work area D workers perform a variety of tasks D must design efficient data tracking system DIFFICULTIES

15. PELs Exceeded ] Sample workers who are known to be in the most highly exposed locations. ] If the most hazardous locations have not been determined, sample all workers for a week. ] Group workers by exposure levels. ] Sample some members of each group every week. Personal Monitoring is required and the following guidelines may be used.