1. The Role of the Church. Popes and Kings in Medieval Europe

2. Ch. 10-3
Pgs

4. Kings >> conflict with the Church
800 A.D., Kings and nobles tried to take power from church.
Kings appointed their own people/ relatives to church positions, such as bishops and cardinals

5. Kings >> conflict with the Church
New pope- Gregory VII wanted to give back power to church.
Announced that Pope was higher than king and that only the Pope could appoint members to church

6. Kings >> conflict with the Church
King Henry IV refused
Pope excommunicated King Henry IV

7. Popes and Kings Ruled the World THE MIDDLE AGES, 1000 A.D.
Pope John XVII
(1003 A.D. )
Died 6 mos. later
Pope Sylvester II
( A.D.)

8. Pope
John XVIII
( )
Pope
Sergius
( )

9. Christianity
Nearly everyone who lived in Europe during the Middle Ages was Christian
Christianity was important to every part of life

10. Power of the Church
·  Clergy- most often the only members of society able to read and write
Most kings were illiterate so members of the clergy were advisors to the king
The clergy was very powerful

11. Clergy = the Church Officials
Clergy influenced all
levels of society,
especially kings,
because they were
educated

12. Clergy
Church guided life of people… from baptism to marriage and to death
Power to condemn or to forgive very powerful in people’s lives

13. Church Hierarchy · Pope – head of church, Latin for “Father”
·    Cardinals – advisors to the Pope, controlled the archbishops and choose new Pope from the cardinals
Current Pope:
Benedict XVI
El Grego, Portrait of a Cardinal

14. Church Hierarchy
  Archbishops – controlled
archdiocese and bishops

15. Church Hierarchy Abbots – in charge of monasteries and local parishes
  Priests - local church or parish; led religious services (weddings,
baptisms, and funerals),
cared for sick

16. Church Hierarchy: Monks
Lived in monasteries
“Hard” or physical labor to support their communities
Occasionally preached
“Low man” on the Church Hierarchy “totem pole” but crucial since they were in contact with people the most.
Church Hierarchy: Monks

17. Self contained like a town
Monastery
Complex community of many different buildings
Granaries
Breweries
Bakeries
Wineries
Abbey church
Library / scriptorium
Hospital
School
Self contained like a town

18. Grannary
A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or animal feed

19. Abbey Church
The Cathedral and Abbey Church of St Alban) is a Church of England Cathedral church at St Albans, England. Became a cathedral in 1877, and is the second longest cathedral in the United Kingdom.

20. Scriptorium
"a place for writing", is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European monasteries devoted to the copying of manuscripts by monastic scribes.

21. A monk’s schedule 2:30 a.m. - wake up 3:00 a.m. - early prayer
5:00 a.m. - Study religious texts
6:00 a.m. - Dawn prayers
7:30 a.m. - Study religious texts
8:00 a.m. - Prayer, church
service, meetings
9:45 a.m. - work in fields; copy
books
12:00 p.m. - noon prayer

22. A monk’s schedule 2:00 p.m. - eat daily meal
2:45 p.m. - work in fields; copy
books
4:15 p.m afternoon prayers
6:15 p.m evening prayers
6:30 p.m go to sleep

23. A monk’s schedule Name 3 things the monks did with their time? a. b.

24. A monk’s schedule Name 3 things the monks did with their time?
a. prayer
b. study religious texts
c. Work in the fields and
copy books

25. Monastery Illuminated letters
Inside libraries monks copied manuscripts
Wrote in beautiful handwriting
Drew elaborate illustrations…………
Illuminated letters

26. What is religious order?
A group of people who dedicated their lives to religion and follow common rules
Vatican City

27. Vatican City http://www.vatican.va/phome_ge.htm

28. The Bishop Bishops were the leaders of the church
The leader of the bishops was the pope
Bishops were often very wealthy
They wore religious garments
had their own castles
involved in politics; taxes and settled
Issues related to marriages.
The Bishop

29. “Spreading the Word” Religious communities formed
Monks could travel, spread Christianity, and do “good deeds” for the poor
Saint Francis of Assisi began his own group of monks ….helping the poor and sick
St. Francis of Assisi

30. Archbishops
An archbishop was simply a special form of bishop. As certain cities in the late Roman Empire were of especial importance, certain bishops gained special authority. A great city like Milan, for example, had administrative authority over a number of towns in northern Italy.

31. Friars
Friar comes from the Latin for brother. They are simply another kind of monk. The chief difference was the friars took preaching as a central mission. Instead of retreating from the world, as other monks did, the friars went into the world, to preach the Word of God.

32. Bishop
The bishop had his own court, where he heard any number of cases involving matters of religion
A bishop typically held lands and might have authority over estates, villages and even towns.
He could levy taxes there, exactly like a nobleman, and could even raise armies.

33. Abbot
An abbot is the superior monk in, or head of, a monastery.

34. Medieval Christian Church

35. Church Hierarchy: Women
Women were excluded from church employment except as nuns or directors of Abbeys
Nuns were “Brides of Christ”; swore never to marry, devoted to charitable work

36. Church Hierarchy: Women
Worked with the poor, provided shelter, medicine and helped their religious community
Abbesses: nuns in charge of convents--- communities for the nuns
Illuminated letters were an art form and common practice for nuns and monks copying texts for sale to help the convent or monastery.

37. Power of the Church
·      Church encouraged Christians to save their souls by donating money to the churches
Nobles were encouraged to leave their lands to the church (upon death) in return for saving their souls>>> increasing the church’s holdings and wealth

38. Education Spreads in Europe
· Monasteries became too small to teach those who wanted to be educated
Began meeting outside or in taverns ….eventually began to construct buildings, which grew into universities and colleges

39. Music of Medieval European Christianity

40. Art of the Church
Filled with art, stained glass,, sculpture, and paintings
Tribute to God ….built to strike “awe” in those who viewed the art in these cathedrals

41. Art of the Medieval Church
Most art (paintings and sculptures) were religious and featured Christ or people from the Bible or lessons
Flat, stylized art… not three dimensional

42. Saint Francis of Assisi
Saint Francis was the son of a wealthy merchant.
He was born in Assisi, Italy in 1182.
He gave money and his possessions to the poor.
Preacher

43. Universities The goal of the church was to teach people about religion
Most teachers were members of the clergy
Taught religion, science, astronomy, medicine, law
Italy, France and England

44. Thomas Aquinas A teacher at the University of Paris Natural Law-
God’s law that governed
how the world operated
A teacher at the
University of Paris

45. Art
More St. Chapelle
During the period of the Rayonnant style a significant change took place in Gothic architecture. After 1250, Gothic architects became more concerned with the creation of rich visual effects through decoration.

46. More Gloucester
The Choir
The Tower

47. More St. Maclou
Added beginning of 16th Century

48. Milan Cathedral (Duomo)
The biggest and greatest late gothic architecture in Italy , west front