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Tissues Chapter 5.

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Presentation on theme: "Tissues Chapter 5."— Presentation transcript:

1 Tissues Chapter 5

2 Tissue Definition – an aggregation of cells in which each cooperates with all others in the performance of a given function Examples of general functions Movement Protection Support Production of chemicals

3 Principal Tissue Types
Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous

4 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Epithelial Tissue Functions Coverings and linings Forms glands Characteristics Closely packed cells Continuous sheets Basement membrane Avascular Classification Simple Stratified Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

5 Epithelia of Coverings and Linings

6 Squamous Epithelium Simple Squamous Epithelium
Highly adapted to diffusion, osmosis, & filtration

7 Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Surface layer is flat Function - protection

8 Cuboidal Epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium
Function – secretion and absorption Lines glands and their ducts Stratified Cuboidal epithelium Surface layer cube-shaped Function – protection

9 Glandular Epithelium Gland – 1 or more cells Function – secretion
Types Exocrine – to surface or ducts Endocrine – to blood

10 Transitional Epithelium
Can be stretched Lines hollow structures that expand Function – prevents rupture of organ

11 Columnar Epithelia Simple columnar epithelium
Functions Protection, Absorption or secretion Stratified columnar epithelium More than one layer Function Protection

12 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Appear stratified but all cells connect to the basement membrane Functions Protection Secretion

13 Connective Tissue Most abundant tissue Functions are varied
Characteristics Specialized cells, widely scattered Rich blood supply Much matrix Extracellular fibers Ground substance

14 Cell Types Found in Connective Tissue
Fibroblasts Secrete the molecules that form the matrix Fixed cells Fibrocytes Macrophages “Big eaters” May be fixed or wandering

15 Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagen fibers Most common type White Strong, ropelike Form ligaments, tendons Reticular fibers Thin Woven into rough, flexible network Elastic fibers Yellow Stretch Contain elastin

16 Ground Substance Extracellular fluid in connective tissue Water
Glycoproteins

17 Types of Connective Tissue

18 Loose (Areolar) Connective Tissue
Fibers not abundant Contains all 3 types of fibers Examples of locations Between skin and muscles Around digestive tract Around blood vessels Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

19 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Adipose Tissue Most of the volume is adipocytes Provides padding, slows heat loss, food reserve Locations Wherever there is loose connective tissue Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

20 Dense Connective Tissue
Types Dense Regular Connective Tissue Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Elastic Connective Tissue

21 Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Lots of collagen fibers in bundles Cells – fibroblasts in rows between bundles Examples Tendons, ligaments Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

22 Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Tensions in various directions Occurs in sheets Locations Periosteum Perichondrium Fibrous capsules of some organs Fasciae Dermis Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

23 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Elastic Tissue Lots of elastic fibers Fibroblasts in spaces between fibers Provides stretch and strength Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

24 Cartilage Dense network of collagenous fibers & elastic fibers in a gel-like substance Cells – chondrocytes in lacunae Chondroblasts Perichondrium – surrounds surface of cartilage

25 Types of Cartilage Hyaline cartilage Fibrocartilage Elastic cartilage

26 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Hyaline Cartilage Most common Provides flexibility and support Locations Ends of bones Trachea Larynx Embryonic skeleton Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

27 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Fibrocartilage Visible collagenous fibers with scattered chondrocytes Provides strength and rigidity Locations Intervertebral discs Symphysis pubis Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

28 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Elastic Cartilage Threadlike network of elastic fibers with chondrocytes Provides strength and maintains shape Locations Pinna Eustacian tube Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

29 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Bone Solid matrix Cells Osteocytes in lacunae Osteoblasts Osteoclasts Periosteum surrounds surface of bone Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

30 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Blood Functions Transport medium Regulation Protection Composition Plasma – fluid Formed elements – cells & cell fragments Erythrocyte Leukocyte Thrombocyte Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

31 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
A Red Blood Cell FG20_02D.JPG Title: Anatomy of Red Blood Cells Notes: (a)Standard red blood smear. (b)Rouleaux formation as red blood cells travel through a capillary. (c)SEM of red blood cells; 3-dimensional structure. (d)Sectional view of red blood cell. Keywords: red blood cell, rouleaux, capillary, sectional view Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

32 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
SEM of RBCs SEMFG20_02C.JPG Title: Anatomy of Red Blood Cells Notes: (a)Standard red blood smear. (b)Rouleaux formation as red blood cells travel through a capillary. (c)SEM of red blood cells; 3-dimensional structure. (d)Sectional view of red blood cell. Keywords: red blood cell, rouleaux, capillary, sectional view Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

33 Muscular Tissue Specialized cells Function - contraction 3 types
Skeletal muscle Cardiac muscle Smooth muscle

34 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Skeletal Muscle Connected to bones Striated Multinucleated Voluntary Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

35 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Cardiac Muscle Found in the heart Striations Intercalated discs Involuntary Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

36 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Smooth Muscle Found in walls of internal organs Nonstriated Involuntary Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

37 Human Anatomy, 3rd edition
Nervous Tissue Specialized cells Function – conduction of electrical impulses Cells Neurons Neuroglia Human Anatomy, 3rd edition Prentice Hall, © 2001

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