1. Daniela Fritzen, Simone Gerdesmeier Innovation, change and decision-making in international organisations

2. Innovation in Europe 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D - Green Paper on innovation - European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels - Sixth Framework Programme - European Action Plan 2. Innovation focus of the EU - innovation policy - supported project 3. Candidate Countries/new members - CC6 and CC7 4. Europe’s position in the world of innovation

3. Innovation in Europe 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D - Green Paper on Innovation - European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels - Sixth Framework Programme - European Action Plan 2. Innovation focus of the EU - innovation policy - supported project 3. Candidate Countries/ new members - CC6 and CC7 4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation

4. Innovation in Europe 1.Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D 1995: Green Paper on innovation - EU definition of innovation 2000 Lisbon European Council - EU should become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world by 2010 2002 Barcelona European Council - raising investment in R&D to 3% of GDP until 2010 2003 Brussels European Council - reviewing progress towards Lisbon goal

5. 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D Innovation in Europe Sixth Framework Programme on Innovation (FP6) - FP1 in 1984 - FP6:development of a European scientific community supporting scientific and technical work of high quality EU plans to distribute 17.5 billion Euro in RTD 3rd largest operational budget 3.9% of EU`s overall 2001 budget creation of the European Research Area (ERA)

6. 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D Innovation in Europe Sixth Framework Programme on Innovation (FP6) FP6 Main Components FP6 Basic Principles Integrating European Research Structuring the European Research Areas Strengthening the foundations of the ERA Concentrating on selected priority research areas Structuring effect through stronger links with national, regional and other European initiatives Coordination Simplification

7. 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D Innovation in Europe European Action Plan -raise investment from 1.9% to 3% of GDP -2/3 out private investment -additional GDP growth and 400.000 additional jobs -gap in research investment between USA and Europe: 120 billion Euro p.a.

8. 1.Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D Innovation in Europe European Action Plan Strategies (I) 1. Progressing jointly: EU technical platforms mutual learning coherent mix of policy instruments 2. Improving public support to research and innovation: making excellent researchers available designing a favourable regulatory environment co-operation between public research and industries improving mix of public financing instruments

9. 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D Innovation in Europe European Action Plan Strategies (II) 3. Redirecting public spending towards research and innovation Stability Growth Pact and broad economic guidelines 2003-2006 public procurement 4. Improving framework conditions for private investment IPR market regulations, competition rules, financial markets, tax conditions, co-operation management, reporting of research

10. 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D Innovation in Europe European Action Plan

11. Innovation in Europe 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D - Green Paper on Innovation - European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels - Sixth Framework Programme - European Action Plan 2. Innovation focus of the EU - innovation policy - supported project 3. Candidate Countries/ new members - CC6 and CC7 4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation 2. Innovation focus of the EU

12. Innovation in Europe 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation policy (I) Five objectives: 1. Ensure the coherence of innovation policies 2. Set up a regulatory framework conducive to innovation 3. Encourage the creation and growth of innovative enterprises 4. Improve the key interfaces in the innovation system 5. Move towards a society which is open to innovation

13. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Innovation policy (II) Impact of industrial relations (IR) on innovation Effects of employee participation on innovation processes

14. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Innovation policy (III) Five different styles of industrial relations systems: 1. Market: predominance of values exalting individual freedom; IR are developed on a voluntaristic basis no strong involvement of IR in innovation strategy 2. Conflict: antagonistic conflict of interest between IR parties low involvement in innovation strategies and policies 3. State: regulation depends on public governance IR play only a secondary role in the innovation strategy 4. Co-ordination: social partners discuss non-market arrangements complex rules govern the linkages between IR settings and innovation issues 5. Co-operation: long-term ‘positive-sum’ conceptions of the common interest between all organised actors strong involvement of IR system in the field of innovation

15. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe

16. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Question: Which projects concerning innovation and R&D does the EU support? Which sectors does it concentrate on?

17. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Supported Projects (I) eight specialised institutes in the Unions Joint Research Centre (JRC), operate in five countries, with top level scientific facilities 1. IAM Petten /Netherlands 2. IRMM, Geel/Belgium 3.-6. ISIS, ISPC, ISA, Environment Institute, Ispra/Italy 7. IPTS, Seville/Spain 8. ITE, Karlsruhe/Germany

18. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Supported Projects (II) EU focus on investment in 1. Bioscience and biotechnology/medical research - ISPC (Institute for Consumer Health and Protection) - IRMM (Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements) - EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) - Fufose (Functional Foods Science in Europe) - SENS

19. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Supported Projects (III) 2. Information and Communication - Esprit, pioneer programme in 1980s - Semper - SET (Secure electronic transaction) 3. Defence and military research 4. Space research - ISA (Institute for Space Applications) - MARS-project (monitoring agriculture with remote sensing, 1988-1998)

20. 2. Innovation focus of the EU Innovation in Europe Supported Projects (IV) 5. Research in environmental protection/renewable energies - ERLAP (European Reference Laboratory on Atmospheric Pollution) - IFREMER - HOFIM - Waste Water Cluster network 6. Transport - ISIS (Institute for Systems, Informatics and Safety) - FEVER project from Renault

21. Innovation in Europe 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D - Green Paper on Innovation - European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels - Sixth Framework Programme - European Action Plan 2. Innovation focus of the EU - innovation policy - supported project 3. Candidate Countries/ new members - CC6 and CC7 4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation

22. 3. Candidate Countries/new members Innovation in Europe

23. 3. Candidate Countries/new members Innovation in Europe Studies on the Candidate Countries (I) two studies from 2001 concerning the CC6 and CC7 CC6:Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Estonia, Cyprus CC7:Malta, Turkey, Latvia, Romania, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Slovakia

24. 3. Candidate Countries/new members Innovation in Europe Studies on the Candidate Countries (II) CC6:‘dual’ economy: profitable foreign investment enterprises and domestic companies Potential for catching up restricted by weak demand for R&D by business sectors Compared to EU fewer innovative small companies Low governmental support

25. 3. Candidate Countries/new members Innovation in Europe Studies on the Candidate Countries (II) CC7:Generally score lower than EU15 on innovation-related indicators Main problem: low manufacturing productivity Improvement needed concerning human resources Low governmental support

26. Innovation in Europe 1. Introduction to recent EU investment programmes in R&D - Green Paper on Innovation - European Councils in Lisbon, Barcelona and Brussels - Sixth Framework Programme - European Action Plan 2. Innovation focus of the EU - innovation policy - supported project 3. Candidate Countries/ new members - CC6 and CC7 4. Europe`s position in the world of innovation

27. 4. Europe’s position in the world of innovation Innovation in Europe

28. 4. Europe’s position in the world of innovation Innovation in Europe EU is leading in following sectors: - Training young graduates - public R&D financing - ICT expenditure EU lags behind USA: - level of higher education - business R&D expenditure - high-tech patent applications Japan: - business R&D expenditure - science and engineering graduates EU’s main weakness: patenting

29. 4. Europe’s position in the world of innovation Innovation in Europe

30. 4. Europe’s position in the world of innovation Innovation in Europe Questions/Discussion: 1. Can the EU possibly fulfil the Lisbon strategy? 2. What are the obstacles of innovation in Europe? 3. Do you think that the European Action Plan can encourage innovation and investment in the R&D sector? Why? Why not?

31. Innovation in Europe Thank you for your attention!!!