1. Feeding Dried Distillers Grains to Hogs Ron Plain, University of Missouri

2. Production of Ethanol and Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles  1 bushel of corn (56 lbs) will yield:  2.75 gallons of ethanol  17 lbs of DDGS A 45 mil gal/yr plant generates: ~ 400 tons of DDGS every day

3. Dry Milled Ethanol Production Corn Ethanol Stillage Thin Stillage Wet Distiller Grain Wet Distiller Grain with Solubles Condensed Distiller Solubles DDGS

5. Wet Milled & Dry Milled Corn for Ethanol Source: PRX Blue Sky Forecast

6. DDGS Production in the U.S.  2000 – 4.3 billion pounds  2006 – 25.5 billion pounds  2010 – 42.5 billion pounds By comparison, U.S. hogs eat about 82 billion pounds of feed annually

7. Use of Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles  80% used in ruminant diets  10% exported  10% fed to non-ruminants

8. U.S. Ethanol Plants 5 bgy expanding to 8 bgy

9. Nutrient Composition (DM) ItemCornSBMDDGS Crude Protein, % 8-947-4929-33 Crude Fat, % 438-12 Crude Fiber, % 2-310-115-10 ADF, % 3.110.615-185 DE, kcal/lb 155117821589- 1836 Lysine, % 0.330.6-1.1 Phosphorus, % 0.30.70.4-1.0

10. Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles  Product variability – Nutrient Content  Crude protein  23 to 30 %  Amino acid digestibility  17.7 to 74.4 %  Lysine content  0.59 to 0.89 %  Crude fat  3 to 12 %

11. Why the variation in nutrient concentrations?  Nutrient variability of the corn  Processing methods  Type of yeast used  Fermenting and distillation efficiency  Drying temperature and time  Amount of solubles blended

12. DDGS Product Variability  Variability impacts on:  Nutritional value  Palatability (feed intake)  Indicators of quality  Color  Light golden to dark brown  Smell  Sweet to smoky or burnt

13. Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles Lower Quality Less Digestible High Quality Highly Digestible

14. DDGS Nutritional Issues  Micotoxins:  Any micotoxins (aflatoxin, vomatoxin, etc) in corn are concentrated by dry milling  Only purchase DDGS from ethanol plants which check corn for micotoxins before milling

15. DDGS Nutritional Issues  Amino Acids:  Imbalance of amino acids (lysine, cystine and threonine)  Reduced amino acid digestibility  Add synthetic lysine if DDGS >10% of diet  Add synthetic threonine and tryptophan if DDGS >20% of diet

16. DDGS Nutritional Issues  Minerals  Corn is 0.25% phosphorus which is 14% digestible by hogs  DDGS is 0.75% phosphorus which is 90% digestible  Add less dicalcium phosphate to hog diets containing DDGS  Less phosphorus in the manure

17. DDGS Nutritional Issues  High Fat Content (9-12%)  Negatively impacts pork fat  quality and belly firmness  Significant problem if DDGS>20% of diet

18. DDGS Impact on Pork Fat Belly Traits0%10%20%30% Thickness, cm 3.153.002.842.71 Firmness score 27.324.425.121.3 Adj firmness score 25.923.825.422.4 Iodine number 66.868.670.672.0 DDGS Content of Feed

19. DDGS Nutritional Issues  High Fiber Content  Valuable for ruminants  Low digestibility for hogs  Adds to volume of manure

20. DDGS Handling  Particle size  600 to 2,100 microns  Impacts  Flowability  Pelletability

21. Storing DDGS  Limited Storage  High in polyunsaturated fatty acids  Wet distillers  Summer – 7 days  Winter – 3 to 4 weeks  Dry distillers (> 85 % DM)  Summer – 1 month  Winter – 3 months

22. Dried Distiller Grains with Solubles  Health Considerations  Low soluble fiber diets may reduce the proliferation of pathogenic organisms in the GI tract (Hampson, 1999)  Illeitis or Lawsonia intracellularis  Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome  Fewer cases of:  Acidosis  Laminitis  Liver abscesses

23. Feeding DDGS to Sows  DDGS during gestation & lactation  Slightly improves next pregnancy’s  Feed intake  Litter size  Weaning weight

24. Substitution Rule for Swine Rations  Add 200 lb of DDGS + 3 lb limestone  To replace:  177 lbs of corn  20 lbs soybean meal (44%)  6 lbs of dicalcium phosphate

25. Hog Growth Performance (63-268 pounds) DDGS F/GADFIADGCar Wt 0%2.475.632.28208.86 10%2.515.592.23202.67 20% 30% 2.46 2.47 5.38 5.32 2.18 2.15 202.14 199.22 Source: University of Missouri feeding trials Some other trials show no negative impact on animal performance for low levels of DDGS in diet

26. Economic Value of DDGS for Hogs (0% reduction in ADG) Corn Price ($/bu) 150175200225 2.0089929497 2.50105108110113 3.00121123126128 3.50137139142144 Soybean Meal Price ($/ton) DDGS values ($/ton) for various prices of corn and soybean meal

27. Economic Value of DDGS for Hogs (2% reduction in ADG) Corn Price ($/bu) 150175200225 2.0083868991 2.50100102105107 3.00116118121123 3.50132134137139 Soybean Meal Price ($/ton) DDGS values ($/ton) for various prices of corn and soybean meal

28. Economic Value of DDGS for Hogs (4% reduction in ADG) Corn Price ($/bu) 150175200225 2.0078808385 2.50949699102 3.00110113115118 3.50126129132134 Soybean Meal Price ($/ton) DDGS values ($/ton) for various prices of corn and soybean meal

29. Recommended Inclusion Rates for DDGS in Swine Diets Phase Start pointMax Nursery (> 15 lbs) 5%25% Grow-finish10%20% Gestating sows20%50% Lactating sows 5%20% Boars20%50%

30. Limitations  Synthetic amino acids needed if DDGS >10% of ration  Quality of pork fat impaired if DDGS >20% of ration  Not recommended for pigs <15 lbs  Sows may need adaptation period to high levels of DDGS

31. Summary  DDGS can effectively be used in swine diets  DDGS can negatively impact feed intake  DDGS quality is highly variable  Producers should test samples or develop specification sheet with the plant to properly formulate the ration  200 lbs DDGS plus 3 lbs of limestone replaces 177 lbs corn, 20 lbs SBM and 6 lbs dical

32. Questions?

33. Acknowledgements This PowerPoint file was adapted by:  Ron Plain, Ag Economist, U of Missouri  From a PowerPoint file originally developed by Marcia Shannon, Animal Scientist, U of Missouri  Summarizing a lot of fine research, especially by Jerry Shurson, Animal Scientist, U of Minnesota A useful website: www.ddgs.umn.eduwww.ddgs.umn.edu