1. AFAMS The Muscular System سیستم عضلی EO 003.01 Part 5

2. AFAMS Lesson Overview (insert dari) 1.Function of the Muscular System 2.Muscle tissue 3.How muscles produce movement. 4.Tendons and ligaments 5.Principal muscles. 6.Disorders of the muscular system. 7.In-class assignment 1.(Insert Dari)

3. AFAMS Function of the Muscular System (Insert Dari) Permits movement of the human body. The muscular system is controlled by the nervous system. Movement is either: (1)Voluntary (i.e. running) – consciously aware of movement. (2)Involuntary (i.e. heart muscle contraction) – cannot be moved by conscious thought. Insert Dari

4. AFAMS Where we find muscle tissues in the body (Insert Dari) Insert Dari

5. AFAMS Insert Dari Skeletal Muscle Composition (Insert Dari) Muscles are composed of muscle bundles, which contains many muscle fibres. A muscle fibre is a single skeletal muscle cell. Insert Dari Muscle bundle Insert Dari

6. AFAMS Skeletal Muscle Cells (Insert Dari) Each muscle cell contains myofibrils which are composed two types of myofilaments: Thick (myosin protein) Thin (actin protein) These components allow for contraction of muscle tissue. (insert dari) Insert Dari Muscle Cell (Insert Dari)

7. AFAMS Muscle Tissue Contraction (Insert Dari) Thick and thin filaments are arranged in alternating rows. When a muscle contracts the thick and thin filaments move past eachother until their ends are almost touching. Insert Dari

8. AFAMS The Muscular System Movement سیستم عضلات

9. AFAMS Voluntary Muscle Movement (Insert Dari) When muscle movement is required the brain sends a signal to the muscle causing the muscle fibre to contract. Insert Dari Bicep muscle contracting Insert Dari Will be covered in more detail during the Nervous System lecture.

10. AFAMS Lever Systems and Leverage سیستم اهرمی و شیوه بکار برده اهرمی Muscle acts on rigid rod (bone) that moves around a fixed point called a fulcrum Resistance is weight of body part & perhaps an object Effort or load is work done by muscle contraction

11. AFAMS عضله بالای یک میله (عظم) عمل مینماید که بدور یک نکته ثابت حرکت مینماید و بنام fulcrum یا نقطه اتکاه یاد میگردد. در مقابل بخشی از وزن بدن مقاومت نموده و ممکن است هم یک هدف باشد. کوشش یا فشار در حقیقت کاری انجام شده توسط تقلص عضلی میباشد. فواید میخانیکی

12. AFAMS Coordination Within Muscle Groups هماهنگی در بین گروپهای عضلی Most movement is the result of multiple muscles working together. Insert Dari Flexed (insert dari) Extended (insert dari)

13. AFAMS Tendons and Ligaments (Insert Dari) Tendon – a tough band of fibrous tissue that connects muscle to bone. Ligament – fibrous tissue that joins bone to bone. Insert Dari

14. AFAMS Major Muscles of the Human Body (Insert Dari)

15. AFAMS Insert Dari Students are responsible to know these muscles Insert Dari

16. AFAMS Disorders of the Muscular System (Insert Dari) Muscle/Tendon/Ligament injuries (strains and tears) Muscular atrophy Rhabdomyolysis (Insert Dari)

17. AFAMS Muscle/Tendon/Ligament Injuries (Insert Dari) Strain (pulled muscle) – an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibres tear as a result of overstretching. Sprain – an injury to a ligament in which the fibres tear as a result of overstretching. Muscle spasm – an involuntary contraction of a muscle. Commonly called a muscle cramp, which brings on sudden pain and contraction of the muscle. Insert Dari

18. AFAMS Atrophy لاغرى (اتروفى) Wasting away of muscles caused by: 1.disuse 2.severing of the nerve supply ض ايع شدن عضلات که به سبب عدم استفاده از آن (لاغرى استفادۀ نا مناسب) قطع منبع عصبى (لاغرى از بين رفتن عصب) تغير در انساج ارتباطى برگشت نا پذير است.

19. AFAMS Rhabdomyolysis (Insert Dari) associated with rapid skeletal muscle destruction may lead to kidney failure symptoms include muscle weakness, stiffness, and pain Some medications can cause this to occur. (insert dari)

20. AFAMS Questions? (Insert Dari)

21. AFAMS In-class assignment (insert dari)

22. AFAMS 1.What are the three types of muscle cells? 1.? 2.? 3.?

23. AFAMS 1. Answer (Insert Dari) Insert Dari

24. AFAMS 2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what substance are they composed of? (Insert Dari) A)Fats B)Proteins C)DNA D)Water (Insert Dari)

25. AFAMS 2. Muscle cells contain myofilaments, what substance are they composed of? (Insert Dari) A)Fats B)Proteins C)DNA D)Water (Insert Dari)

26. AFAMS 3. Muscle movement is the result of a single muscle moving independent of other muscles, true or false? (Insert Dari)

27. AFAMS 3. Muscle movement is the result of a single muscle acting independent of other muscles, true or false? (Insert Dari) Answer: False Most movement is the result of multiple muscles working at the same time.

28. AFAMS 4. Which of the following can be defined as rapid muscle destruction? (Insert Dari) A)Atrophy B)Relaxation C)Rhabdomylosis D)Contraction (Insert Dari)

29. AFAMS 4. Answer: Which of the following can be defined as rapid muscle destruction? (Insert Dari) A)Atrophy B)Hypertrophy C)Rhabdomylosis D)Contraction (Insert Dari)

30. AFAMS 5. Identify the following muscles: (Insert Dari) 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

31. AFAMS 1. Insert Dari 2. Insert Dari 3. Insert Dari 4. Insert Dari 5. Insert Dari 6. Insert Dari 7. Insert Dari 12. Insert Dari 11.Insert Dari 10. Insert Dari 9. Insert Dari 8. Insert Dari 5. Answer