1. 4.2 Why do People Move? Chapter 4 p. 62-63

2. Why do people migrate? Migrate – move to a new location Migrate – move to a new location There are many reasons why people choose to move, or migrate, but generally they can be divided into two categories: There are many reasons why people choose to move, or migrate, but generally they can be divided into two categories:

3. Why do people migrate? Push Factors: Disadvantageous (negative) factors in the home country (country of origin) that make people want to leave. Ex. Famine, unemployment, overcrowding, political turmoil, religious persecution, disease, crime

4. More Push Factors Not enough jobs Few opportunities Not enough jobs Few opportunities "Primitive" conditions Political fear "Primitive" conditions Political fear Poor medical care Not being able to practice religion Poor medical care Not being able to practice religion Loss of wealth Natural Disasters Loss of wealth Natural Disasters Death threats Slavery Death threats Slavery Poor housing Landlords Poor housing Landlords Bullying Poor chances of finding courtship Bullying Poor chances of finding courtship

5. Why do people migrate? Pull Factors: advantageous (positive) factors in the drawing (destination) country that attract people. Better health and education, climate, jobs, escape…., political and religious freedom

6. More Pull Factors? Job opportunitiesBetter living conditions Political freedomReligious freedom EnjoymentEducation Better medical careSecurity Family links Better chances of finding courtship

7. Why do people migrate? Positives (+) at the Origin: Positive Factors at the ORIGIN that may make them want to stay where they are and NOT move. Friends & Family connections Country of birth Familiarity with place Cultural background

8. The NFLD Case Newfoundland Push Factors (-) oSome people might report that they are pushed out of Newfoundland and Labrador for the following reasons: o olack of high-skilled jobs in the IT sector; o olack of high-paying jobs; o olack of amenities attainable in larger centers.

9. The NFLD Case Some people might report that they were drawn or pulled (+) to Ontario or Alberta for the following reasons: –Jobs, jobs, jobs –Choices…in everything! Business etc. –Expanded and better services  Ex. schools, health care, transportation, business, sanitation and infrastructure, etc.

10. The NFLD Case Some people might report that they would leave Newfoundland and Labrador except for obstacles or + of home: Examples? Which type? Some people might report that they would leave Newfoundland and Labrador except for obstacles or + of home: Examples? Which type? –they love the salt water;  (+ Origin) –parents are aging and need help & company;  (Intervening Obstacle) –they can not afford the trip away let alone the cost of setting up and trying to find a job.  (+ Origin) –Culture and roots are here.  (+ Origin)

11. Positive Consequences of Migration  Expanded labor force – more people  Skills, knowledge, creativity, work ethic and expertise are enhanced.  Start businesses and further employ locals.  Remittances ($) back to lesser developed areas…help them out as well!  Young people, prime of life, hard working, tax paying individuals. Many years of contributing and supporting others.  Cultural enrichment, tolerance, multiculturalism…  Do jobs that locals will not or can not do.

12. Negative Consequences  Take jobs away from locals  If they are the poor, it adds to the # of poor already here and is more of a burden on the local people, economies etc. Who pays for this?  May create inner-city slums, housing shortage or homelessness in destination area  Cultural conflict with local identity… Ex. what is it to be Canadian?  Possible increase in crime rates.  Others??  See Pages 70-71 + Review and Reflect #1,2

13. Push and Pull Factors Push bad or oppressive laws bad or oppressive laws heavy taxation heavy taxation unattractive climate unattractive climate uncongenial social surrounding (and the strength of social ties) uncongenial social surrounding (and the strength of social ties) compulsion compulsion job loss job loss political strife creating refugees political strife creating refugeesPull Labor markets Labor markets Educational opportunities Educational opportunities Relative freedom from family obligations Relative freedom from family obligations Marriage opportunities Marriage opportunities Health advantages Health advantages Social networks, including family reunification Social networks, including family reunification