1. Standards
SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE.
a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture.
e. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks.

2. History of People in Africa
A Very Short Introduction

4. Western Desert of Egypt
8000 BC
Domesticated cattle
7000BC
Domestication of wheat
storage of grains
6000 BC
Storage pits
5000 BC
Domestication of sheep and goats
Food storage = social hierarchy

5. Migration Why migrate? Frequency Intermittent and incremental
Overpopulation
Ecological necessity
Violence
Frequency
Intermittent and incremental
Absorbs local populations
Spreads:
Cultures
Languages
Religions
technologies

6. Causes of Migration Push Factors
Environmental:
Climate changes
exhausted resources
Natural Disasters
earthquakes; volcanoes; drought; famine
Economic:
Unemployment
slavery
Lack of available land
War

7. Causes of Migration Pull Factors
Environmental
More space
Resources
climate
Economic:
Land Ownership
Job opportunities
Politics
Religion

8. Bantu Migrations From the savanna Nomadic herders
slash-and-burn farming
S&B = soil depletion
Need knew land every few years

9. Bantu Migrations Bantu means “the people”
Started migrating south & east around 3,000 B.C.
Shared skills
learned new customs
adapted to environment

10. Effects of Bantu Migrations
drove out some inhabitants, intermixed with others
produced a great variety of cultures
Language helped unify the continent
Swahili most common language today

11. Effects of Bantu Migrations
Technology
ironworking
bronze, copper & iron tools/weapons
Superior weapons
Excellent tools
social & political organization

12. Innovations & Technologies
New crops
Ie: Banana, via Madagascar, native to south Asia
 More efficient food production
More & better nourished people
Agriculture takes space…with Population increase, need to spread out on more land.

13. Pass around handout of genetic variation.

14. Summary 4000 BCE to 400 CE in Africa & Eurasia, & earlier in Oceania.
Migration  spread & mingling of cultures:
Technologies
Religions
Governments
People!
Why migrate?
How do we know?
Languages!
DNA
Material Culture (artifacts)
Effect on World History?
Photo: Division of India & Pakistan  sudden mass migration – largest in modern history.

15. Standards
SSWH6 The student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 CE.
a. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture.
e. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks.
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