1. I. Migration

2. A. Why People Migrate
1. Push – Pull Factors
PUSH – induces people to move OUT of their current location.
PULL – induces people to move INTO a new location.

3. 2. Kinds of Push-Pull Factors
Economic – mainly jobs.
Cultural – forced migrations. (refugees)
-Slavery, political oppression, etc.
Environmental – comfort
-mountains, coasts, climate, water

4. 3. Intervening Obstacles
Environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.
Mountains
“Great Wall”
list more…

5. a. Obstacles to Migration
Immigration policies of host countries
U.S. quota laws
Temporary migration for work
Time-contract workers
Economic migrants or refugees?
Cultural problems living in other countries
U.S. attitudes to immigrants
Attitudes to guest workers

6. Refugees: Sources and destinations
Fig. 3-1: Major source and destination areas of both international and internal refugees.

7. B. Distance of Migration
CATEGORIES
Internal
-most common
-shorter distance
-less stress
Midwest to Coast or
City to Suburb
International
-voluntary or forced
-often long distances

8. Intraregional Migration in the U.S.
Fig. 3-14: Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs.

9. C. Characteristics of Migrants
Most long-distance migrants are male.
Most long-distance migrants are adults rather than families with children.

10. Migration within a Country
Migration between regions of a country
Migration between regions within the U.S.
Migration between regions in other countries
Migration within one region
Rural-urban migration
Urban-suburban migration
Migration from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan regions

11. Interregional Migration in the U.S.
Fig. 3-13: Average annual migrations between regions in the U.S. in 1995 and in 2000.

12. Center of Population in the U.S.
Fig. 3-12: The center of U.S. population has consistently moved westward, with the population migration west. It has also begun to move southward with migration to the southern sunbelt.

13. Net Migration (per population)
Fig. 3-3: Net migration per 1,000 population. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants, but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers.

14. Migration Patterns Global migration patterns U.S. migration patterns
Colonial immigration
19th century immigration
Recent immigration
Impact of immigration on the U.S.
Legacy of European migration
Undocumented immigration
Destination of immigrants within the U.S.

15. Global Migration Patterns
Fig. 3-2: The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries.

16. Migration to U.S., by region of origin
Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S. were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.

17. Migration from Asia to the U.S.
Fig. 3-5: Migration in The largest numbers of migrants from Asia come from India, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

18. Migration from Latin America to the U.S.
Fig. 3-6: Mexico has been the largest source of migrants to the U.S., but migrants have also come from numerous other Latin American nations.

19. Push Factor.
GENOCIDE
Again and again.

20. The Holocaust 12 million victims.
The word “Genocide” is created to legally define the crimes against humanity. (’45)
Genocide Convention Created (’48)

21. Post-Holocaust Genocide
Cambodia (Carter)
*2 million
Iraq (Reagan/Bush)
*??
Rwanda (Clinton)
*1 million
Sudan? (W. Bush)
*100,000

22. Why is Genocide Allowed to Happen?
Genocide does not threaten U.S. security.
Suppressing genocide could threaten American lives.
Lack of condemnation or sanctions.
Difficult to predict or report.
U.S. will not allow citizens to be tried in a
genocide court.

23. Rwanda
BACKGROUND
Europeans created a class system in the region in 1918.
Class based mostly on ethnicity in relation to European ideals.
Ethnic identity cards issued in 1926.
Belgium withdraws from Rwanda/Burundi. (1962)

24. Rwanda HUTU *86% of Pop *agriculturalists *poorer/less educated
*Shorter, squater, wider features.
*oppressed group
TUTSI
*13% of Pop
*cattle herders
*”wealthy”, educated
*”European” features
*oppressed group

25. TODAY!!!
Myanmar?
Darfur
VARIOUS OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES